有益微生物的应用对海水对虾养殖池塘中细菌数量动态变化的影响  

Effects of probiotics on the dynamic of bacteria in marine shrimp pond

作　　者：黄洪辉[1,2,3] 林钦[1,2,3] 郭志勋[1,2,3] 李卓佳[1,2,3] 吕晓瑜[1,2,3] 杨美兰[1,2,3] 贾晓平[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室 [2]广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室 [3]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州501300

出　　处：《南方水产》2007年第3期14-19,共6页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省重大科技专项(2004A30501001);科技部社会公益专项目(2000DIB50175);广东省科技创新百强工和项目(2KBO5401N);农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室开放基金课题(2003-3)

摘　　要：2001年5-7月,在深圳东海岸水产公司南澳半封闭式斑节对虾Penaeus monodom精养基地,进行了有益微生物的应用对虾塘总异养细菌和弧菌数量影响的调查研究。结果表明,对虾养成过程中,施用有益微生物的实验组虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量明显较未施用的对照组虾塘低,但各虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化特征基本相同,即在养殖前期,虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量均较稳定,并处于相对较低的水平;而在养殖中、后期,总异养细菌和弧菌数量均急剧升高,尤以对照组虾塘的升幅最大,其弧菌数量甚至超过100×102CFU.mL-1的对虾发病之弧菌数量临界值。实验组与对照组虾塘中表层沉积物中,总异养细菌和弧菌数量差异不大,总异养细菌和弧菌数量变化特征也基本相同,但实验组与对照组之间有所差异,其中实验组表现为双峰型的变化特征,峰值出现在养殖前期或中期和养殖将结束时;对照组则呈单峰型变化,峰值均出现在养殖中期。有益微生物的应用对虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的抑制效果较对沉积环境中的效果明显。In the Shenzhen East Sea Aquaculture Company, the effects of probiotics on the dynamic of heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio in semi-enclosed intensive marine shrimp aquaculture system were studied during the adult aquaculture period of Penaeus monodom from May to July, 2001. The results show that heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density in water of experimental ponds, where probiotics were used, are obviously higher than that in control pond where no probiotics were used, and their dynamic characteristics are almost the same. During the prophase of shrimp culture, the heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density in water kept in a relatively low level, while at the middle and final phase, both increased rapidly, especially in the control pond, the vibrio density even exceeded the threshold of 100 × 10^2 CFU·mL^-1, that was considered to cause disease problem easily. There are no obvious differences for heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density in sediment between experimental ponds and control ponds, and their dynamic variation characteristics are almost similar, but there are some differences between experimental ponds and control pond. In experimental ponds, there were two peaks of individual density appeared in the prophase or middle phase and near the harvest time, while in control pond, the peak of individual density appeared at middle phase. It is obvious that the application of probiotics can depress the increase of heterotrophic bacteria, especially vibrio in shrimp pond water are more significant than that in sediment.

关 键 词：海水养虾塘 有益微生物 细菌动态 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]