爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究  

RESEARCH ON MONITORING AND CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES CONSIDERING EFFECTS OF SEISMIC SHOCK

作　　者：宗琦[1] 汪海波[1] 周胜兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2008年第5期938-945,共8页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才资助项目(NCET-05-0559);安徽省高校科技创新团队资助项目(TD200705)

摘　　要：爆破地震是爆破主要危害之一。为保证工程爆破时爆区周围建筑物等的安全,对爆破的地震效应进行实测和控制是必要的。以实际矿山深孔爆破和城市基坑爆破工程为例,实测爆破振动速度和爆破振动频率,对振动速度与爆破药量及地震波传播距离的关系进行回归处理,即研究爆破地震波的传播和衰变规律。根据《爆破安全规程》(GB6722–2003)的规定,优化爆破参数和起爆网络,提出在保证安全前提下的最大一次同段起爆药量和为降低爆破地震效应应采取的技术措施。同时爆破振动频率分析表明,小药量下爆破的主振频率主要集中在30～100 Hz,远高于建筑物自振频率,一般不会引起共振现象,即爆破地震效应对周围建筑物的影响较小。Seismic shock is one of the main hazards of blasting engineering, therefore, for the safety guarantee of buildings in near-field blasting, tests and controlling measures on blasting vibration effects are necessary. Taking deep hole blasting on mining and foundation ditch controlling blasting in city for examples, speed and frequency of blasting vibration are tested. The relationships between vibration velocity and explosive charge and distance of dissemination are also regressed to disclose the law of blasting waves under such conditions. According to Safety Regulations for Blasting（GB6722- 2003）, the blasting parameters and blasting net are optimized： and the maximum charge of one section on the condition of safety and technical measures for reducing the blasting effect is given. The split-second blasting, excavation damping channel, or fully using existing free face and natural land form, such as mountain valley, farm pond, channel, are considered. At the same time, analytical results of blasting vibration frequency indicate that the main frequency of minor charge are mostly focused on the range of 20 to 100 Hz, which is greater than those of natural frequencies of buildings; so resonance will not happen generally, i.e. blasting has small influence on near-field buildings.

关 键 词：采矿工程 爆破地震 振动监测 振动速度 振动频率 

分 类 号：TD235.1[矿业工程—矿井建设]