石油钻机盘式刹车盘表面堆焊材料的磨损机理研究  

Research on Wear Mechanism of Surfacing Material of Brake Disc for Drilling Rig

作　　者：王新华[1] 张嗣伟[2] 王德国[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院,北京100022 [2]中国石油大学北京机电工程学院,北京102200

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2008年第3期44-49,共6页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团公司“九五”科技发展规划项目(960403-08)

摘　　要：为提高石油钻机盘式刹车盘的耐磨及抗热疲劳性能,研制开发了一种性能优良的石油钻机刹车盘表面堆焊材料,并在变温摩擦磨损性能试验的基础上,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDAX)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析技术,对热平衡温度在150℃和300℃时刹车盘磨损表面的形貌、成分及相结构进行了分析,揭示了表面堆焊材料的摩擦学行为和磨损机理。XRD分析表明,堆焊材料中的α–Fe和Cr的铁基固溶体具有很好的止裂作用,并在摩擦热作用下发生了α–Fe向γ–Fe的转变,生成了摩擦奥氏体相γ–(Fe,Ni)+α–Fe+碳化物,增强了磨损表面材料塑性变形的能力,提高了刹车盘的抗热疲劳性能;碳化物Fe3C、Fe5C2、SiC及金属间化合物NbNi、NbNi5相弥散于α–Fe和Cr的固溶体中,硬度较高,增强了刹车盘的耐磨性能。SEM和EDAX分析表明,表面堆焊材料的磨损过程是表面膜的生成、长大、破裂(撕裂)、剥落和再生的动态过程,刹车盘的磨损机理是摩擦过程中磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和粘着磨损综合作用的结果。In order to improve wear-resistance and anti-thermal fatigue properties, a surfacing material of brake-disc for drilling rig with better performance was developed, and its wear mechanism was investigated based on friction and wear experiment at variable temperature. The topography, composition and phase structure of brake disc working at 1500 and 300℃ were analyzed by SEM, EDAX and XRD, its tribological behaviour and wear mechanism of surfacing material were investigated. The results indicated that the iron-base solid solution with α-Fe and Cr in surfacing material showed fine property of crack arrest, in addition, α-Fe turned into γ-Fe under frictional heat, and frictional austenite phase γ-（Fe, Ni） ＋α-Fe ＋ carbide was formed, which improved plastic deformation ability of wear surface and anti-thermal fatigue property of brake-disc. XRD analysis showed that carbides Fe3C, Fe5C2, SiC and intermetallics NbNi, NbNi5 were dispersed in solid solution of α-Fe and Cr ,which made surface hardness of brake disc becoming higher and improved its wear-resistant property. SEM and EDAX patterns showed that the wear process of surfacing material was a dynamic process of surface film generating, growing, cracking, stripping and regenerating, and the wear mechanism of brake-disc was a comprehensive effect of abrasion, oxidation and adhesive wear in frictional process.

关 键 词：刹车盘 表面堆焊 磨损机理 表面膜 摩擦 

分 类 号：TH117.3[机械工程—机械设计及理论]