南昌市医疗垃圾的潜在危害与控制措施  

STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL HAZARD AND CONTROL MEASURES OF MEDICAL WASTE IN NANCHANG

作　　者：汪月华[1] 刘小真[1] 胡春华[2] 梁越[1] 万国林 刘中韬 卢建凌 肖经和 

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学环境与化学工程学院环境毒理研究室,南昌330063 [2]南昌大学环境科学与工程学院环境工程教研室 [3]江西省卫生监督所

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2008年第12期2216-2217,2220,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江西省卫生厅资助课题(2003-231)

摘　　要：[目的]摸清医疗垃圾处理现状,为医疗垃圾的科学管理及无害化处理提供依据。[方法]利用流行病学的调查方法对南昌市有代表性的14家医院进行现场调查,调查的人群包括医院领导、预防科/感染科及相关科室的医生、护士、化验员、管理人员及清洁工。调查的内容包括:医疗垃圾危害性的认识、管理、分类收集、处理与消毒、产量与构成、焚烧炉的配置与运转、回收利用、清洁工的防护情况以及医疗垃圾集中处理的前景。[结果]对医疗垃圾危害性有较好的的认识,但医疗垃圾的管理、分类收集、处理与消毒等方面存在一定问题。医疗垃圾的主要构成为:果皮饭菜占10.71%,纸制品占31.36%,棉织品占13.21%,塑料制品占26.79%,玻璃制品占11.86%,金属、木制品等占6.07%。[结论]医疗垃圾的危害性应进行广泛深入的宣传,并加强医疗垃圾的管理与消毒。[ Objoctive] To investigate the present situation of medical waste treatment, so as to provide basis for the scientific management and no harmful treatment of hospital garbage. [ Methods] 14 representative hospitals had been investigated using epidemiologlcal methods. The people investigated included hospital leaders, doctors, nurses, laboratories, managers and cleaners in prevention department and relative departments. The content of investigation mainly included the harmful knowledge about medical waste, management, classification collection, treatment and sterilization, product and constituent, reuse and prevention methods of cleaners. [ Results ] The research crowd had better awareness of knowledge about medical waste, while it had a tertian problems about management, classification collection, and disposal of medical waste. The medical waste was mainly composed of the skin of fruit and meal （10.71%）, paper product （31.36%）, cotton textiles （13.21%）, plastic textiles （26.79%）, glass textiles （11.86%）, and metal and wood textles （6.07%）. [Conclusion] The harm of management and sterilization should be widespread and depth propaganda as well as reinforce the management and sterilization of medical waste.

关 键 词：医疗垃圾 潜在危害 处理 

分 类 号：R197.31[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]