中国钢铁业技术创新机制演变与产业共性技术创新  

The Evolution of Technological Innovation Mechanism in Chinese Steel Industry and Industrial Generic Technology Innovation

作　　者：李纪珍[1] 杨志刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学技术创新研究中心,北京100084 [2]首钢发展研究院,北京100082

出　　处：《技术经济》2008年第6期15-20,31,共7页Journal of Technology Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(70573061);北京市科委软科学研究项目资助

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以来,中国钢铁业规模迅速扩张,技术水平显著提高。随着产业的发展,中国钢铁业的技术创新机制也从政府主导、行业研究机构研发、企业推广应用的模式转向以企业为主体的产学研合作模式。其中,国家经济体制、政治体制、科研体制改革的制度背景,行业规模扩张和结构变化对企业创新投入激励的增强作用,以及钢铁业技术体制自身的特点,是引起这种变化的关键因素。以市场化模式在全球范围内参与技术创新合作,正成为中国钢铁业共性技术创新的新特点,同时,这种模式也带来了重复引进或创新投入效率低下的问题。为了保持产业的持续发展,中国钢铁业还需要解决许多共性技术组织管理与政府作用的问题,如何创新产业共性技术供给和扩散机制,是需要进一步探索的问题。Chinese steel industry has expanded very quickly since the 1990s, and has strengthened the technological capabilities extraordinarily. Meanwhile,the innovation mechanism in this industry has changed a lot from the mode of government leading, research institutes researching and developing and enterprises populating and applying to the mode of enterprises-centered with university-industry-institutes cooperation. And the most critical factors causing this change are the macro background of the national reform of economic, political, scientific and technological system,the enhancement of enterprises＇ R＆D incentive as long as the expand and the structure changing,as well as the changing of the technology regime itself in this industry. Taking part in the global technological innovation cooperation basing on the market economy is becoming the new characteristic of Chinese steel industry,while this new mode also brings some new problems such as the duplication of imports or the inefficient innovation investment etc. So the Chinese steel industry should solve lots of problems in the organization management of the generic technology as well as the proper role of government,in which how to innovate in the mechanism of the industrial generic technology supply and diffusion is the problem needing to be further discussed.

关 键 词：钢铁业 技术创新 共性技术 关键技术 

分 类 号：F426.31[经济管理—产业经济]