露地蔬菜的氮肥效应与氮素去向  

NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND FATE OF N FERTILIZERS APPLIED TO OPEN FIELD VEGETABLES

作　　者：曹兵[1] 贺发云[2] 徐秋明[1] 蔡贵信[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《核农学报》2008年第3期343-347,共5页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40171048);北京市科技新星资助项目(2005B37)

摘　　要：采用田间小区和微区试验相结合，研究了小青菜、大白菜和番茄3种露地蔬菜的氮肥利用率及其氮素去向的差异。结果表明，在小青菜和大白菜上施氮增产显著（P〈0．05），而在番茄上未表现出增产效应；施氮使3种蔬菜的吸氮量显著增加。用差值法和^15N-示踪法测得的3种蔬菜氮肥利用率相当，且利用率随氮肥用量增加而降低。小青菜生长期间土壤氮素总损失低于10％，而大白菜和番茄生长期间土壤氮素损失分别为41．9％～48．6％和34．2％～46．0％。试验中未发现小青菜生长期间有氮素淋溶，大白菜和番茄分别有9．2％～10．9％和10％～10．2％的标记尿素被淋溶到40cm以下土层。The N use efficiency （NUE） and fate of N fertilizers applied to open field vegetables including green cabbage, Chinese cabbage and tomato were investigated by using field plot and microplot experiments. The results showed that application of N fertilizer significantly increased yield of green cabbage and Chinese cabbage （p 〈 0.05）, while the tomato＇ s yield didn＇t increase. NUE was measured and compared by difference methods, including ^15 N-tracer method, and it was found that the NUE decreased with N application increasing. Total N loss in the soil of growing green cabbage was not more than 10% of applied N, while total N loss in the soil of Chinese cabbage and tomato were 41.9% - 48.6% and 34.2% 46.0%, respectively. No N leaching was observed during the growing season of green cabbage, while 9.2% - 10.9% and 10% - 10.2% of labeled urea was leached under 40 cm soil layer during Chinese cabbage and tomato growing season, respectively.

关 键 词：露地蔬菜 氮肥利用率 氮素去向 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学] S630.6[农业科学—园艺学]