风沙半干旱类型区典型林草植被的水土保持环境效应  

Study on the soil and water conservation benefits of the forestry and grass vegetation in semi-arid sandy area of northeast china

作　　者：高鹏[1] 杨慧玲[1] 王华伟[1] 周泽福[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院、农业生态与环境重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《辽宁工程技术大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第3期436-439,共4页Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science)

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划林业资助项目(2006BAD26B06,2006BAD03A1205);水利部专项基金资助项目(2007-2009)

摘　　要：为了探讨我国东北西部风沙半干旱类型区林草植被的水土保持环境效应，为促进该地区复合农林牧业的可持续发展提供科学依据。以辽宁西北风沙半干旱地区为典型试验区，通过林草植被的自然降雨径流小区定位观测和人工模拟降雨产流产沙试验，对林草植被蓄水保士、调节小气候和改良土壤等水土保持效益进行了定量研究。结果表明，林草植被与荒地相比，多拦蓄径流29．1％～95．2％，多拦蓄泥沙48．3％～95．7％；林冠以上1．5m空气湿度增加3．25％～8．02％，蒸发量减少2．2～5．6mm／d，林内风速降低1．18～2．24m／s，林上风速降低0．41～1．34m／s；林草地土壤全N增加11．7％～71．6％，有机质提高10．3％～77．4％，土壤含水量提高5．46％～48．66％，容重降低0．06～0．22g／cm^3。紫花苜蓿以及油松与沙棘混交林等林草植被的水土保持效果显著，是该地区水土保持比较理想的草种、树种和林型结构。By choosing the semi-arid sand area of northwest Liaoning province as the typical experimental site, the natural rainfall and artificial simulated rainfall experiments were carried out. The soil and water conservation benefits of the forestry and grass vegetation, such as runoff and sediment storage benefits, improving small climate and soil benefits, were studied systematically. Results show that the runoff and sediment storage efficiency in the forestry and grass lands were increased by 29.1%～95.2% and 48.3%～95.7% than that in barren land. At same time, compared with barren land, Air humidity above 1.5m crown layer increased 3.25%～8.02%, evaporation amount reduced 2.2～5.6mm/d, wind speed reduced 0.41～2.24m/s, total N increased 11.7%～71.6%, soil organic matter increased 10.3%～77.4%, Soil moisture increased 5.46%～48.66%, Soil bulk density reduced 0.06～0.22g/cm^3. Moreover the effects of soil and water conservation for Lucerne and mixed forest of Chinese pine and sea-buckthorn were very significant. This study can not only provide scientific basis for soil and water loss harness, but also for raising the agro-forestry sustainable development in semi-arid sandy area of Northeast China.

关 键 词：风沙半干旱类型区 林草植被 水土保持效益 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]