植酸酶的生物技术改良及应用  

Biotechnology Improvement and Application of Phytase

作　　者：朱连龙[1] 熊爱生[1] 管帮超[2] 高峰[1] 付晓燕[1] 彭日荷[1] 姚泉洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所 [2]上海市崇明县农业技术推广中心,上海202150

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2008年第6期231-236,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部科技型中小企业技术创新基金项目"耐高温中性植酸酶产业化"(05C26213100464);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目"高比活广pH植酸酶中试生产"(2006GB2C000086);上海研发公共服务平台建设专项"广pH植酸酶基因家族改组及体外定向分子进化"(07dz22011)资助

摘　　要：植酸是植物中磷的储存库。许多植物饲料,尤其是谷物和豆类中,大部分磷元素以植酸磷的形式存在。植酸是一种抗营养因子,与多种金属离子以及蛋白质螯合从而抑制营养因子的吸收。植酸酶广泛的存在于自然界中,能够催化降解植酸,形成无机的磷酸盐。单胃动物自身植酸酶含量很低,不能有效的利用以植酸形式储存的磷。无机磷的添加一定程度上缓解动物磷营养的问题,但是大量无机磷的添加会导致较为严重的环境问题。植酸酶作为饲料添加剂已经得到广泛的应用,能够提高单胃动物对饲料中磷和矿物营养的吸收,并且降低磷的排放。该文主要综述了植酸酶的生物技术改良和应用。Phytates are the primary source of inositol and the dominant form of phosphorus of plant. In many plant feeds,phosphorus digestibility is exceptionally low because a high proportion is in the form of a compound phytate. Phytate is the major form of phosphorus storage in the cereal grains and legumes that used in commercial animal feeds. Furthermore,phytate acts as an antinutrient by chelating cations and prevents the absorption of mineral,therefore reducing their availability. Phytase is widespread in nature. These enzymes are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphomonoester bonds of phytates and creating lower forms of myo-inositol phosphates and inorganic phosphate. Monogastric animals are incapable of utilizing the phosphorus bound in phytate due to low levels of phytase activity in the digestive organ. Inorganic phosphorous supplemented into animal feed can solve this nutritional problem,but excess phosphorus excreted in animal manure poses a serious environmental problem. Adding phytases to the feed of monogastric animals can not only enhance the phosphorus and mineral absorption,but also reduce the level of phosphorus output in the manure. This article mainly focused on phytase biotechnology improvement and application. This article mainly focused on phytase biotechnology improvement and application.

关 键 词：植酸酶 改良 生物技术 应用 

分 类 号：S188[农业科学—农业基础科学]