转型期中国粮食产出规模效率及结构优化策略  

Efficiency of Scale in Grain Production during China's Economic Transition

作　　者：徐同道[1] 庞英[2] 王伟 孙巍[4] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [2]青岛农业大学经济学院,青岛266109 [3]青岛农业大学校长办公室,青岛266109 [4]吉林大学数量经济研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第6期809-814,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目(编号:04BZZ035);山东省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(编号:S07WD08);青岛市社会科学规划项目(编号:QDSKL070217)

摘　　要：提高生活水平是人类社会永恒的主题,转型期中国耕地资源的经济供给不能与和谐社会建设的速度及要求相协调,致使中国面临着严峻的粮食安全问题。本文基于非参数方法双产出模型,在对转型期中国粮食生产资源配置效率与技术效率测度的基础上,具体分析产出规模效率和粮食生产资源配置优化策略。结果表明,松辽、长江与黄河三大流域粮食生产资源配置效率与技术效率依次递减;三大流域粮食产出规模效率依次递减;各大流域粮食产出规模效率最差。由此可见,规模效率是制约中国当前粮食生产效率和产出水平的关键因素。鉴于粮食对转型期中国的战略地位,中央政府应采取必要措施,进一步加快农村剩余劳动力转移,最大程度地发挥粮食生产规模效率;同时还应根据市场化进程中粮食生产所表现出来的区域特征,适时做出进一步激励粮食生产、最大程度提高资源配置效率的政策安排,同时这也是弥补市场失灵、稳定粮价、促进粮食高产稳产的有效手段。Improving production efficiency is the key to output growth. As China＇s industrialization and urbanization process has sped up during the transition from a planned to a market economy, the demand for land resources has also increased and China faces concerns over food security. This article uses a non- parametric double-output model of grain production efficiency to evaluate efficiency of scale in grain production and identify optimal strategies. Results show that resource allocation efficiency and technical efficiency in the Songliao, Yangtze and Yellow River basins decrease in that order, as does the scale efficiency of output. Efficiency scale of grain production in these basins is overall quite low. Analysis shows that allocation efficiency of grain production resources and technical efficiency index are greater than 1 at a national level and in the three major river basins, indicating that regional food production resources have not been efficiently used. Given the strategic importance of food supply, this study suggests that the central government should accelerate the transfer of surplus agricultural labor and maximize efficiencies of scale. The government should also stabilize or further increase grain production efficiency based on regional production characteristics, to help counter market failures and ensure food security.

关 键 词：粮食 资源配置效率 产出规模效率 双产出模型 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]