典型草原地区旅游发展对土壤环境的影响  

Effect of Tourism Development on Grassland Soils in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：吕君 刘丽梅[1] 陈田[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经学院旅游学院,呼和浩特010051 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第6期837-842,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:“基于社区参与的草原旅游发展模式研究”(编号:06CJY033);内蒙古自然科学基金项目:“典型草原地区旅游开发模式研究”(编号:200711020611)

摘　　要：本文以内蒙古自治区四子王旗格根塔拉草原旅游中心为研究区,对草原旅游发展对土壤容重和含水量的影响、土壤机械组成的影响、土壤化学性质的影响分别加以分析,得知旅游活动的干扰对土壤容重和含水量的影响比土壤的机械组成要明显,对土壤化学性质的干扰又比对土壤的容重影响显著;在干扰范围上,旅游者游览活动波及的区域面积比旅游经营活动的核心地段广。研究进一步构建了土壤生态安全综合指数,据此诊断出如下结果:在道路区,旅游发展对土壤的干扰极重;在敖包区,旅游发展对土壤的干扰是重度干扰;在马场区,旅游发展对土壤的干扰属于中度干扰。从而文章确立了不同旅游活动方式对土壤理化性质的干扰程度,提供了不同旅游活动范围对土壤理化性质的干扰参数,有利于目的地快速诊断旅游发展的土壤影响强度,及时作出应对策略。The development of grassland tourism includes potential for environmental destruction and threats to ecological security. This study is based on Gegentala Grassland in Siziwang Banner in Inner Mongolia, using physical and chemical analysis of soil samples from various locations near obos （local shrines）, paths and equestrian parks to study the effects of tourism development on grassland soils. We analyzed bulk gravity and moisture content, and found that bulk gravity increases with intensified tourist disturbance, and moisture content decreases. Serious disturbance is located in paths and areas with frequent tourist visits. Moderate disturbance occurs in areas 10m - 15m from obos, and in 5m-strips along paths and equestrian parks. Mild disturbance occurs in areas 15m - 20m from obos, within 5m - 10m along paths and 5m - 10m around equestrian parks. Soil mechanical composition was excessively disturbed in path areas and near obos, and was most lightly disturbed in equestrian parks. Based on field investigations and chemical property analysis, the organic matter （OM） content in non-tourism areas is over 2.73%, but decreases to 2.30% - 2.73% in mildly disturbed areas and 2.00% - 2.29% in moderately disturbed areas, while in seriously disturbed areas OM content is only 1.60% ～ 1.99%. In areas of extreme disturbance, OM content is less than 1.60%. The impact of tourism on the soil is reflected by changes in moisture content, bulk gravity, pH value and OM content, but no single index can fully reflect the comprehensive situation. We constructed an evaluation model using organic matter, bulk gravity, moisture content and pH values. Results show that tourism has the greatest impact in path areas, and severe impacts near obos, with more moderate impacts in horse-herding areas. This article provides disturbance parameters for physical and chemical properties of tourism impacts on soil, and is useful for identifying impacts on soil so that appropriate countermeasures can be applied.

关 键 词：草原旅游发展 环境影响 格根塔拉草原旅游中心 土壤 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]