遏止虚无的两种路径：马克思批评施蒂纳的启示  

Two Ways to Hold Back Nihility:Inspiration by Marx's Criticizing Stirner

作　　者：刘森林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学马克思主义哲学与中国现代化研究所/哲学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《学术月刊》2008年第6期40-47,共8页Academic Monthly

基　　金：全国百优论文基金项目"现代性的批判性澄清"(200301)教育部基地重大项目"马克思主义实践哲学研究(05JJD720015)"资助

摘　　要：在抛弃上帝和辩证法之后,施蒂纳的"唯一者"直接面临着虚无主义的难题。马克思与施蒂纳之间的交锋,印证出遏止虚无主义的两种方案:拒斥例行化劳作的个性自由方案,以及把个人的非例行化劳作与解救例行化劳作的大众有机结合起来的马克思方案。针对施蒂纳的个体自我自救之路,马克思强调自我普遍实现所需的社会基础条件,以及不能放弃启蒙主体性自我实现的普遍性。两种方案中,前者放弃大众,脱离社会性根基只弘扬个我;而关于后者,存在"劳动"的根基性能否成立、力图整合的多个领域与多种价值之间能否融合等种种问题。这两种路径都需要重思。Since giving up with God and dialectic, Max Stirner＇s idea of ＂the Ego＂ has confronted with the problem of nihilism directly. Apparently, The dispute between Stirner and Karl Marx confirms two different ways to hold back nihilism, one appeals to an individual freedom through rejecting routine labor, and the other, which is usually treated as Marx＇s project, tries to correlate non-routine individual labor and the masses saving-routine labor organically. However, there are still many questions left, such as. for the former, the role of mass is abnegated, and it is the ego, simply stressed in an individual sense, that has deviated from the social basis totally; for the latter, whether can the foundation of ＂labor＂ be grounded stably, or whether can these different fields and multi-values be fully syncretized as Marx has endeavored to do？ The kinds of questions above make these two ways should be rethought after all.

关 键 词：虚无主义 劳动 历史主义 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]