内蒙古农牧交错带草地生产力对气候要素的响应——以多伦县为例  

Response of Grassland Productivity to Climate Change in the Farming-Pasturing Interlocked Area of Inner Mongolia:Case Study of Duolun County

作　　者：何玉斐[1] 赵明旭 王金祥 张宏升[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,北京100871 [2]内蒙古多伦县草原工作站,内蒙古多伦027300

出　　处：《干旱气象》2008年第2期84-89,共6页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40775013);教育部博士点专项基金;国家科技部项目(2006AA06A306)资助

摘　　要：利用内蒙古农牧交错带多伦县50余a的气候资料，基于Miami和Thornthwaite Memorial气候模型，分析了该地区草地生产潜力对气候要素的响应。结果表明，Thomthwaite Memorial模型更能反映草地生产潜力随气候要素的变化规律。温度升高和降水增加均对当地草地生产潜力起正作用。其中，相对温度而言，降水对草地生产潜力的限制作用更为明显。另外，利用多伦县1999～2002年的畜牧业统计资料，对天然草地和人工草地的有效生产潜力和实际产量作了对比，其中天然草地的草地生产潜力开发度很低，仅为26％，具有很大的开发空间。人工草地的实际产量和草地生产潜力开发度相对更高，显示了它作为提高该地区牧草产量有效途径的可能性。最后通过对比多伦县2000～2002年的理论和实际载畜量，提出该地区草原处于高超载状态，平均超载率高达79．3％。According to the climate data （ 1953 - 2006） in the farming - pasturing interlocked area of Inner Mongolia （ Duolun）, the response of local grassland productivity to the climate change is analyzed. Climate models （ Miami and Thornthwaite Memorial） are introduced to evaluate the grassland potential productivity. It is showed that Thornthwaite Memorial model could better describe the main features of the grassland potential productivity change with climate factors in Duolun County, and both temperature and precipitation increase could enhance the potential productivity, but precipitation is the key climatic factor limiting the potential productivity. The grassland actual productivity observed in Duolun County is then compared with the effective potential productivity. The results show that the productivity level of natural grassland is very low （412 kg/hm^2 ·a）, which is only 26% of its effective potential productivity, and there is a large room for improving. Both of the potential and actual productivities of the artificial grassland are much higher than those of the natural grassland, which indicates that the development of artificial grassland could be highly efficient for improving the local grassland productivity. The actual stocking rate in 2000 -2002 is also compared with the estimated theoretical one, and an average overloading rate up to 79.3% exists in this period.

关 键 词：农牧交错带 草地生产力 气候要素 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]