氮、磷、钾肥配施对花生生理特性及产量、品质的影响  

Effects of N,P,K fertilizer combined application on physiological characteristics,yield and kernel quality of peanut

作　　者：周录英[1] 李向东[1] 汤笑[1] 林英杰[1] 李宗奉[1] 李宝龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2008年第6期2707-2714,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技攻关资助项目(2001BA507A-07);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD21B04-9);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(Y2003D02)~~

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下研究了氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对花生叶片生理特性及产量、品质的影响,结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥配合施用均可不同程度地提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,且生育中后期(饱果期)的作用大于生育中期(结荚期),N300P150K300、P150K300处理的效果好于N300P150、N300K300处理;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性、增加可溶性蛋白质含量和降低MDA积累量均有明显作用,N300P150K300、P150K300处理的作用大于N300P150、N300K300处理;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可明显增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,以N300P150K300处理产量最高,其次是P150K300处理,N300K300处理产量最低,N300P150K300和P150K300处理还明显提高了荚果出仁率;氮、磷、钾肥配合施用可以不同程度提高花生籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量,P150K300和N300P150K300处理对脂肪和蛋白质含量均有明显增加作用,N300K300处理可明显提高脂肪含量,对蛋白质的增加作用不显著,N300P150处理对脂肪和蛋白质的影响不大,N300P150K300处理还可明显提高籽仁中O/L比值和可溶性糖含量,从而延长花生制品的货价寿命、改善花生食用口味。Applying fertilizer rationally on crop is an effective measure to increase yield and improve quality. Nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P）, and potassium （K）, associated with the yield formation and quality improvement in peanut, are the nutrient elements with more need in peanut growth and development. To investigate the effects of N, P, and K fertilizer combined application on physiological responses, seed weight, and kernel quality of peanut （Arachis hypogea ） , five treatments NoPoKo（CK） , N300P150（N ＋ P）, N300 K300（N ＋ K）, P150 K300（P ＋ K）, N300 P150 K300 （N ＋ P ＋ K） （the data after N, P and K indicate application kilogram numbers of N, P2O5 and K2O per hectare） were designed by furrow applying at seedling stage in peanut variety Fenghua No. 1 in the Experimental Station at the Shandong Agricultural University in 2004 and 2005 with randomized complete block design and three replication. Nitrogen, P, and K combined application increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate in peanut leaves, to a greater extent at middle-later stage （ pod filling stage） than at the middle stage（ pod setting stage）. Peanut treated with N ＋ P ＋ K and P ＋ K had more chlorophyll and higher photosynthesis rate, when compared to N ＋ P and N ＋ K treatments. Nitrogen, P, and K combined application enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase（ SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catlase （CAT） and the content of soluble protein, but reduced malondialdeyde （ MDA ） content in peanut leaves, to greater extent in N ＋ P ＋ K and P ＋ K treatments than N ＋ P and N ＋ K treatments. Nitrogen, P, and K combined application led to the highest pod and kernel weight, followed by P ＋ K treatment and by N ＋ K treatment. Peanut subjected to N ＋ P ＋ K and P ＋ K treatments had an increased kernel rate. The fat and protein content were improved in peanut kernel treated with N ＋ P ＋ K and P ＋ K. Peanut subjected to N ＋ K treatment had a higher fat content

关 键 词：花生 氮 磷 钾肥 配合施用 生理特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]