中西太平洋金枪鱼围网起水鱼群与流木鱼群渔获物中鲣生物学特性的比较  

Comparative biological characteristics of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis between free school catch and log school catch

作　　者：王春雷[1] 许柳雄[1] 叶旭昌[1] 朱国平[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学海洋学院,上海200090

出　　处：《大连水产学院学报》2008年第3期235-241,共7页Journal of Dalian Fisheries University

基　　金：2006年农业部海洋渔业资源调查与探捕项目(上水大科06368);上海水产集团项目“中西太平洋金枪鱼围网捕捞及渔情预报”(上水大科Z2622);上海市重点学科建设项目资助(T1101)

摘　　要：根据2006年10月—2007年2月“金汇6号”金枪鱼围网渔船在中西太平洋海域的调查结果，对2000尾鲣Katsuwonus pelamis渔获物的生物学数据进行了测定，并对起水鱼群和流木鱼群的鲣渔获物的叉长、体重、性比、性腺成熟度和摄食等级等生物学特性进行了统计分析。结果表明：1）起水鱼群渔获物的叉长为331～738mm，优势叉长为425～575mm；流木鱼群渔获物的叉长为264～719mm，优势叉长为325～475mm。起水鱼群鲣渔获物的叉长组成明显大于流木鱼群（P〈0．01），起水鱼群鲣渔获物中叉长超过450mm的大个体出现频率明显高于流木鱼群。起水鱼群鲣渔获物中雌、雄个体叉长分布无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；而流木鱼群鲣渔获物中雄性个体叉长明显大于雌性个体（P〈0．01）。2）起水鱼群和流木鱼群鲣渔获物叉长与体重的组成服从正态分布，其关系式分别为W1=8．319×10^3.15（R^2=0．946）和W2=4．505×10^-6LF^3.24（R^2=0．977）。3）起水鱼群的雌、雄比为1：1，而流木鱼群的雌、雄比接近2：1。4）起水鱼群以Ⅳ期（30．49％）和Ⅴ期（44．92％）性成熟度等级为主；流木鱼群以Ⅰ期（21．00％）和Ⅱ期（56．01％）性成熟度等级为主。5）起水鱼群以空胃（37．39％）、1级（28．61％）和2级（35．14％）摄食等级为主；流木鱼群基本上为空胃（99．50％）摄食等级。Free swimming school and log school are the two main targets of tuna purse seine fishery at present. On the basis of 2000 biological measurements of skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis collected from purse seiner ＂Jinhui No 6＂ of Shanghai Pelagic Fishing Corp Ltd, when the authors conducted the research project on ＂fishing technology and fishing situation predict of tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean＂ between Oct. 2006 and Feb 2007, biological differences were evaluated in skipjack tuna between catches from the free swimming school and the log school, including fork length （LF） , body weight （ W）, sex ratio, gonadal development stages, and feeding intensity by linear regression methods. The results showed that fork length of skipjack from free swimming school ranged from 331 to 738 mm with the dominant fork length of 425 -575 mm; and that from log school varied from 264 to 719 mm with the dominant fork length of 325 - 475 mm. The dominant fork length in free swimming school was significantly larger than that from the log school （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the incidence of individual fishing over 450 mm in fork length in the catch from free swimming school was higher than that in the catch from log school. There was no significant difference in fork length distribution between the male and female in the catch from free swimming school （P 〉 0.05）, while the fork length of male skipjack from the log school was significantly higher than the that of the female one. Relationship between fork length and body weight of the skipjack from the free swimming school and the log school was described by functions W1 = 8. 319 × 10^-6LF^3.15（R^2 = 0. 946）and W2 = 4. 505 × 10^-6 LF^3.24 （ R^2= 0. 977） , respectively. Sex ratio （female to male） of skipjack catch was 1：1 and 2：1 from the free swimming school and the log school, respectively. Gonadal development was dominated by phase Ⅳ （30. 49% ） and Ⅴ （44.92%） in the catch of free swimming school, and by

关 键 词：中西太平洋 鲣 生物学特性 金枪鱼围网 起水鱼群 流木鱼群 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]