二倍体和四倍体结球甘蓝减数分裂观察  

Meiotic observation of pollen mother cells in diploid and autotetraploid cabbage(Brassica oleracea var.capitata)

作　　者：轩淑欣[1] 张成合[1] 申书兴[1] 陈雪平[1] 李晓峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2008年第2期21-26,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30270915);河北省自然科学基金项目(300108)

摘　　要：观察了二倍体和同源四倍体结球甘蓝花粉母细胞减数分裂过程。结果表明:与二倍体相比,同源四倍体终变期染色体构型复杂,有四价体、三价体、二价体和单价体出现;中期Ⅰ及中期Ⅱ有个别染色体游离于赤道板外;后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体、提前解离的姊妹染色单体及染色体的不均衡分离;后期Ⅱ每极染色体数目变化较大;花粉的整齐度和生活力明显降低;讨论了造成四倍体结球甘蓝花粉育性比二倍体低的细胞学原因。Meiosis of pollen mother cells （PMCs） in diploid and autotetraploid cabbage were observed. The results showed that the behavior of meiosis in autotetraploid was much more complicated than in diploid. At diakinesis, the homologous chromosomes of the autotetraploid cabbage could form quadrivalents, trivalents, bivalents and univalents; at metaphase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the univalents often distributed at the outside equator plate; at anaphase Ⅰ, there were lagging chromosomes, early separating chromatids, which result in unbalanced separation; in anaphaseⅡ , the number of chromosomes at each pole showed great variations. Regularity and viability of pollen grains in autotetraploid were significantly lower than those of diploid. Cytological reason for lower fertility of tetraploid was dicussed.

关 键 词：结球甘蓝 二倍体 同源四倍体 花粉孢母细胞 减数分裂 花粉生活力 

分 类 号：S635.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]