粘弹性阻尼材料降低列车车内噪声的试验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON VISCOELASTIC DAMPING MATERIALS FOR NOISE CONTROL IN RAILWAY VEHICLES

作　　者：范蓉平[1] 孟光[1] 贺才春[2] 杨军[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械系统和振动国家重点实验室,上海200240 [2]株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,株洲412007

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2008年第6期123-127,共5页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家“863”计划资助项目(2003AA333140);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B06012)

摘　　要：三种新型粘弹性阻尼材料应用于铁路车辆降低车内噪声。列车运行时,整个车厢和单个包间内噪声测试结果表明:车厢内噪声随空间分布不均匀,噪声主要能量集中在25Hz^160Hz低频范围;阻尼材料能显著地降低车内噪声,改性沥青和水性涂料比丁基橡胶降噪效果更好;随着车速的增加,车内噪声的降噪总值增加,阻尼材料的低频降噪能力减小。车内噪声特性响度计算结果表明,100Hz^160Hz上的频率成分对总响度起主要作用,阻尼材料在这个频率范围上降噪效果显著。增加车厢侧墙阻尼板高度,可减小车内噪声。Three kinds of new viscoelastic damping materials are applied in railway vehicles to reduce internal noise.By comparing noise in three running carriages it is found that noise is non-homogeneously distributed in space and is dominated by components of 25 Hz^160 Hz.The damping materials noticeably reduce internal noise,where bitumen-based damping sheet and water-based damping coating are better than butyl rubber damping sheet.With increasing vehicle speed,the reduction amount of the overall noise level increases,but decrease in low frequency noise for damping materials goes down.The evaluation of noise specific loudness shows that the components in the range of 100 Hz^160 Hz play a leading role in the overall loudness of noise.Three damping materials can work well in this range.Increase in height of damping sheet on side wall in a carriage can diminish internal noise.

关 键 词：噪声 粘弹性阻尼材料 车厢 响度 

分 类 号：U270.6[机械工程—车辆工程]