武开河的边壁阻力判别准则  

Side-Resistance Criterion for Onset of Mechanical Ice-Cover Breakup

作　　者：茅泽育[1] 赵雪峰[1] 王爱民[1] 肖汉[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2008年第3期508-513,共6页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50579030)资助

摘　　要：春季河道武开河可能导致冰坝形成,但至今仍缺乏以力学机制为基础上的开河预测方法.根据水动力学及固体力学基本理论,提出了以河道纵向冰缝处冰层残余抗剪强度为基础的边壁阻力判别准则,可用于武开河的开河预测.应用黄河河曲段1987年和1988年冬季原型观测资料对纵向冰缝处的残余抗剪强度进行了分析研究,并进而提出了其临界值.观测资料包括开河日期,河道宽度,流量及冰盖厚度.结果表明,初始开河期冰缝处的剪切应力年际变化不大.The mechanical breakup of an ice cover during spring season may lead to ice-dam formation. However, the method of predicting ice-cover breakup based on mechanical principle has been lack of. According to the principle of hydrodynamics and solid mechanics, based upon the residual shear strength of ice cover at crack near riverbanks, a side-resistance criterion is presented, which can be used to appropriately forecast the on-set of ice cover breakup. Field observations, including the date of ice breakup, the width of river, flow discharge and the thickness of ice cover of Yellow River at Hequ reach, are further used to analyze and ascertain the critical value of residual shear strength of ice cover at crack near riverbanks. The result of this study shows that there is little inter-annual change of shear stress at the crack.

关 键 词：武开河 冰坝 边壁阻力判别准则 力学机制 

分 类 号：TV875[水利工程—水利水电工程]