草甸白浆土水解酶活性和动力学特性对保护性耕作方式的响应  

Effects of Different Tillage on Soil Enzymes Activity of Meadow Albic Soil

作　　者：张玉兰[1] 王俊宇[1] 陈振华[1] 张广娜[1] 陈利军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2008年第3期163-167,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院创新项目(KZCX3-SW-445);国家“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD10B01)

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,以传统耕作(CT)为对照,研究了免耕(NT)和少耕(RT)对黑龙江省八五三农场草甸白浆土土壤与碳、氮、磷、硫元素转化相关的九种水解酶(α—葡糖苷酶、β—葡糖苷酶、α—半乳糖苷酶、β半乳糖苷酶活性脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和芳基硫酸醅酶)的影响,同时研究了保护性耕作对土壤脲酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶、芳基硫酸酯酶及β—葡糖苷酶动力学特性的影响。结果表明,保护性耕作(RT,NT)降低土壤pH值,提高土壤养分(有效氮:42.0%,21.6%;总碳:26.6%,12.2%;总氮:16.6%,15.8%)含量,提高了土壤α—半乳糖苷酶、β—半乳糖苷酶和α—葡糖苷酶、蛋白酶活性活性,但脲酶活性却降低,参与土壤磷素及硫素转化的磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性差异不显著,传统耕作处理(CT)与免耕(NT)处理土壤中芳基硫酸酯酶活性著高于少耕(MT)处理。土壤水解酶动力学参数对耕作方式的反应与表观活性对耕作方式的反应不一致,草甸白浆土短期(三年)保护性耕作已经体现了一定程度的土壤改良效果。The object of this study was to determine how no-till （NT） and minimum tillage （MT） affected soil hydrolases activity and kinetic properties, using conventional tillage （CT） as control. Agricultural fields in meadow albic soil of Heilongjiang Province within soil type and location so that each set contained one field managed for annual crops using conventional tillage, and one mana.ged for annual crops for no -till. Nine enzymes related to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur availability （β- galactosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, arylsulphatase） were examined in 0-20 cm soil samples. Soils managed under NT and MT contained approximately 42. 0%, 21.6% greater available N, and 26.6%, 12. 2% greater total C,and 16. 6%, 15.8% greater total N, than conventionally tilled soils, while Ph was 6.9% lawer. Among the situes of tests in this study,β-galactosidase, α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, protease activity were greater under NT and MT, only urease activity were significantly lower. Three years NT and MT management in meadow albic soil has allowed enhancement of total C, total N and some hydrolases activity and kinetical parameters.

关 键 词：常规耕作 免耕 少耕 土壤酶活性 土壤酶动力学特性 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S157.42[农业科学—农艺学]