玉米雌穗小花类型、形态、决定时期及其与成粒的关系  

Studies on Interrelationships Between the Type, Shape, and Critical Stage of Female Ear Florets in Maize (Zea mays L.)and Kernal Formation

作　　者：郑卓琳 胡寅华[1] 李伯航[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学系

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》1990年第4期34-39,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

摘　　要：玉米雌穗有完全花与不完全花之分,不完全花又分退化花和畸形花。总花数受品种遗传性制约,栽培措施影响较小,吐丝前后的温光条件影响较大。性器官形成期是不完全花发生的重要时期。夏播时品种间花数变幅为543——840朵。雌穗分化终止期因品种而异,大多于吐丝前7d至吐丝后1—2d。结实率达总花数80%,其中11—17%为败育粒,是影响小花成粒的首要因素,败育花影响甚微。高产栽培时花数较稳定,减少籽粒败育是提高产量的有效途径,中低产区增花增粒和保花增粒亦不可忽视。Female ear florets in maize (Zea mays L.) was divided into complete and abortive ones.The latter was further divided into the degenerated and the deformed, whose critical stage of forming was when the sexual organs formed. The results revealed that the total number of florets per ear was determined mainly by the genetic factors of cultivars, with less effection by cultivating measures than by temperature and lighting conditions round silking. It varied with the cultivars in a rage of 543——840 during the summer planting. Morever, the female ears ended the differentiation depending on their cultivars, most of which began to stop differentiating from 7 days before silking to 1—2 days after it. Of the florets, 80% fruited with 11—17% abortion. The fruiting rate was the key factor, much greater than the abortion. During cultivation in high-yield area, reducing the abortion was regarded as an effective way to raise yields while in mid-or-low yield area, it was important to increase the number of florets and kernals or protact the florets in order to increase the kernals.

关 键 词：玉米 雌穗 成粒 

分 类 号：S513.035.3[农业科学—作物学]