不同保水措施的增产效果及机理分析  

Effect and Mechanism of Crop Yield Under Different Water Preservation Measures

作　　者：殷飞[1] 陈晓飞[1] 宋迪[1] 胡宇祥[1] 张鸿亮[1] 尚佰晓[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农机化研究》2008年第7期80-83,95,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

摘　　要：旱地农业蓄水与保墒密切联系,因此尽可能地蓄住天然降水,把它保存在土壤中,并减少它的蒸发散失,从而提高水分利用率,促进作物的生长发育,最终达到获得稳产高产的目的。为此,通过小区试验研究了不同保水措施对玉米产量以及玉米生长状况、土壤水分、土壤温度的影响。结果表明,黑膜覆盖产量比对照增加21.3%,白膜覆盖比对照增加16.8%;保水剂处理分别比对照增加6.8%,10.5%,16.3%,且随着施用量的增加而增加;秸秆覆盖处理分别比对照高12.5%,1.5%,12.3%,但随覆盖量的增加产量增幅却降低,说明秸秆覆盖量并不是越多越好。黑色地膜和白色地膜处理的经济效益最高,秸秆处理和保水剂处理经济效益次之。不同保水措施的地温、含水量、株高、茎粗和叶面积较对照均有所增加。Retained water is closely related with the water preservation in Dryland Agriculture, therefore storing rain as tar as possible, preserves it in soil, reduces it＇ s evaporation lost, thus raises the moisture content utilization ratio, and promotes the growth of crop, and finally achieves the purpose that gains the high and stable yields. Based on the experiment, we studied the effect of different water preservation measures on soil water content, soil temperature, maize growing status and the yields. The results show that the yields of the treatment of black plastic mulching is 21.3% higher than contrast treatment, that of the white plastic mulching is 16.8% higher than the contrast, treatments of aquasorb are 6.8%, 10. 5% and 16.3% higher than contrast respectively. The yields is increasing with the increase of aquasorb, the yields of the straw mulching treatments are by 12.5%, 1.5% andl2.3% respectively higher than the contrast, but the increasing amount of yield reduces with the increase of thickness. Economic benefit of the treatment of black and plastic mulching are best, then are the treatment of the straw mulching and aquasorb. To some extent, the soil temperature, moisture content , the trunk height, stem diameter and the leaf area under different water preservation measures all increase compared with the contrast.

关 键 词：保水措施 地膜覆盖 秸秆覆盖 保水剂 效应 

分 类 号：S343.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]