陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用景观格局动态变化特征分析  

Dynamic characteristics analysis of land-use landscape pattern in the Hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：徐中春[1] 谢永生[1] 王恒俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2008年第3期43-47,共5页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划基金“黄土高原水土保持与可持续生态建设试验示范研究”(KZCX2-XB2-05-01);国家自然科学重点基金“黄土高原生态恢复的环境效应及评价”(90502007)

摘　　要：以位于典型黄土丘陵沟壑区的延安赵庄村为例,选取多样性、优势度、均匀度、破碎度和偏离度等主要指标,对村庄尺度上的土地利用景观格局动态变化进行分析研究。结果表明:1)研究期间,研究区景观斑块数与景观斑块密度增加,而平均斑块面积减少;2)研究区2个时期的景观异质性差异显著,景观指数变化表现为:优势度指数与偏离度指数减小,多样性指数、均匀度指数和破碎度指数都有不同程度的增大;3)6年来,随着退耕还林(草)政策的实施,研究区土地利用景观格局有了较大变化,生态环境整体状况趋于改善,农民收入有所增加,产业结构趋向合理,其中,工副业比例增大与种植业、养殖业、果菜比例减小是研究期间农民收入构成的主要变化特点,农民收入以工副业、果菜为主。Taking Zhaozhuang village in typical Hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau as the study area, and selecting indexes such as diversity index, dominance index, evenness index, fragmentation index, deviation index, the dynamic changes of land-use landscape pattern were analyzed on village scale. Results show that： 1 ） the patch numbers and patch density increase while the mean patch area decrease during the researching period. 2） the difference between landscape heterogeneity of two periods is significant; the dominance index and deviation index decrease when the indexes of diversity, evenness and fragmentation increase to some extent. 3） with the policy of returning cropland to forest implementing, land-use landscape pattern of the study area have changed a lot during the past 6 years. The whole situation of eco-environment is improved; the income is increasing slightly ; the industrial structure is trending reasonably. With the increasing of proportion of sideline the proportion of planting industry, breeding industry and fruit-vegetable industry decreased. And peasant income mainly comes from sideline and fruit-vegetable industry.

关 键 词：土地利用 景观格局 丘陵沟壑区 延安 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学] X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]