顶板诱导崩落技术及其在大厂铜坑92号矿体的应用  

Technology of blast-induced caving roof and its application in No.92 orebody of Dachang Tongkeng Mine

作　　者：张世超[1] 周科平[1] 胡建华[1] 苏家红[1] 古德生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第3期429-435,共7页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAB021304-1-1);"十五"国家科技攻关资助项目(2003BA612A-10-1)

摘　　要：为解决大型贫矿床传统方法开采过程中存在的资源整体回收率低、后期地压控制难等问题，研究采用连续采矿一顶板诱导崩落综合技术，其空区处理与后期地压控制关键是顶板诱导崩落技术。针对华锡大厂铜坑矿92号矿体的工程地质条件，进行连续采矿顶板诱导崩落的工业试验，基于理论与工程类比相结合的方法，确定合理顶板爆破诱导崩落的参数、实施方案、安全控制措施，分析爆破诱导崩落的工程实际应用情况。试验结果表明：采用预裂爆破与诱导崩顶爆破的方法，通过对顶板的诱导崩落处理，成功地在下方采空区形成了厚度为17．8m左右的岩石缓冲垫层，有效地降低顶板冒落带来的冲击气浪危害：在预裂孔间产生明显的贯通裂隙，从而在顶板上形成诱导可控崩落，防止顶板大面积的突然垮落，改善地下开采安全生产环境：最终资源的回收率由70％左右提高到84．6%，贫化率由25%-40％降低到15％以下，实现了资源的高效回收。In order to solve the problems such as lower whole reclamation rate of resources and difficulties in controlling of anaphasic ground pressure and so on that occurred in mining large-sized poor ore deposit by traditional methods, the comprehensive technology of continual mining-induced caving roof was studied, and induced caving roof technology was the key for disposing abandoned stope and controlling anaphasic ground pressure. Based on the geological engineering condition of Dachang Tongkeng Mine＇s No.92 orebody, an industrial trial of the comprehensive technology was taken. By theoretical analysis and engineering analogy ways, the rational parameters, operation project and security control arrangement of blasting induced caving roof were ascertained, and the practical application of blasting induced caving roof was also analyzed. The trial results show that with the disposal of induced caving roof by presplitting blasting and induced caving roof blasting, about 17.8 m in thickness of rock cushion is successfully formed in the inferior abandoned stope, which can bring down the harm of dashing blast of an explosion caused by roof collapse; apparent run-through flaws arise between presplitting blasting holes, and controllable caving is formed in the roof, abrupt collapse of large area roof is prevented, the productional safe surroundings of underground mining is improved; eventually, the resources＇ reclamation rate is improved from about 70% to 84.6%, and the dilution rate is abated from 25%-40% to below 15%, so efficiently withdrawing is actualized.

关 键 词：连续采矿 顶板诱导崩落 预裂爆破 崩项爆破 地压灾害 

分 类 号：TD856.11[矿业工程—金属矿开采]