长期施肥对农田黑土微生物群落的影响  

Effect of long-term fertilization on microbial community in a Chinese arable Mollisol

作　　者：白震[1] 张明[2] 宋斗妍[1] 刘宁[1] 张旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态研究过程重点实验室 [2]辽宁大学生命科学学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《中国科学院研究生院学报》2008年第4期479-486,共8页Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40535028);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-433)资助

摘　　要：研究不同磷肥处理农田黑土基本理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸、酸(碱)性磷酸酶、微生物量碳或氮等变化规律.结果表明,有机肥-化肥配施明显提高土壤有机质、总氮以及速效氮、磷、钾等养分含量,进而促进微生物量碳、微生物量碳/有机质比值、磷酸酶活力以及各菌群磷脂脂肪酸含量显著增加.长期氮磷钾配施土壤有机质活性严重退化、不利于土壤微生物生长,而单施磷肥或氮磷肥配施对微生物活力与结构影响较小.有机肥处理中单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值>1,远高于其他化肥处理,可用来指示有机质质量与可用性;而支链/单烯不饱和脂肪酸与单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值呈极显著负相关,表明G+菌对养分胁迫抗性强于G-菌.磷脂脂肪酸PCA表明,有机肥与化肥处理微生物群落结构显著不同.个别脂肪酸载荷值分析表明,真菌受无机肥施用影响显著;而G+菌更易受有机肥影响.The soil samples were taken from different treatments including CK, P, NP, NPK, MP（ manure ＋ P）, MNP（manure ＋ NP）, and MNPK（manure ＋ NPK） in a Mollisol long-term fertilizer experimental site. Basic soil properties, phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA）, acid（alkaline） phosphatase activities and soil microbial biomass C or N （SMB-C or N） were measured. The results showed that 26 years of the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers had significantly increased the amounts of organic matter（OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus（AP）, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen （AN）, and readily available potassium （ RAK）. Furthermore, the SMB-C, SMB-C/organic matter（OM） ratio, acid （alkaline） phosphatase activities and PLFA content of different microbial communities in manure treatments were higher than those of CK or chemical fertilizer treatments. Longterm application of NPK treatment obviously inhibited microbial activity, while single P or NP treatment had little effect on this arable Mollisol microbial community. Monounsaturated fatty acids-to-normal saturated fatty acids （MONO/NSAT） ratios in manure treatments were significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer treatments or CK, while terminally branched saturated fatty acids-to-monounsaturated fatty acids（TBSAT/MONO） ratios exhibited extremely significant negative correlation with MONO/NSAT ratios and changed in a totally opposite way. Principal components analysis of PLFA showed that manure and chemical fertilizers affected microbial communities＇ structure in a very different way. The loading values for the individual PLFA showed that fungal 18：2ω6,9 was significantly affected by chemical fertilizer treatments, while G^＋ i15：0, i17：0, i16：0 were liable to be affected by manure amendment.

关 键 词：磷脂脂肪酸 酸(碱)性磷酸酶 土壤微生物 施肥 农田黑土 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]