秦岭太白山弃耕地植物群落演替的生态学研究 Ⅱ演替系列的群落α多样性特征  

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PLANT COMMUNITYSUCCESSION ON THE ABANDONED CROPLAND INTAIBAISHAN,QINLING MOUNTAINSⅡ.THE COMMUNITY α DIVERSITY FEATURE OF THE SUCCESSIONAL SERIES

作　　者：高贤明[1] 黄建辉[1] 万师强[1] 陈灵芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所

出　　处：《生态学报》1997年第6期619-625,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金;国家基础重大研究项目

摘　　要：应用物种丰富度、Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ指数、Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数、Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数、Ａｌａｔａｌｏ均匀度指数研究了太白山弃耕地植物群落次生演替过程中的群落α多样性动态特征，结果表明，群落在由一年生草本植物群落阶段向多年生草本植物群落、灌丛、混交林阶段的演替过程中，群落多样性指数逐渐上升，至混交林阶段达到最高值。若以分布在这一垂直地带的代表性森林群落锐齿栎林为演替进一步发展的方向，则由多样性指数在锐齿栎混交林、锐齿栎林阶段呈下降趋势。不同演替阶段不同生长型的多样性指数变化规律为：在演替的初期，草本层多样性指数＞灌木层＞乔木层；在混交林阶段，这３个不同生长型的多样性指数相差无几，乔木生长型稍占优势；在锐齿栎混交林和锐齿栎林阶段，灌木生长型的物种多样性最大，草本次之，乔木生长型的物种多样性则迅速降低。首次利用群落各生长型的叶层相对厚度和相对盖度作为加权参数，对群落总体的物种多样性指数进行了测度，结果表明，这种加权处理是比较合理的。The community diversity at different secondary successional stages on the abandoned cropland in Taibaishan,the peak of Qinling Mountains,was measured and studied using the methods of species abundance,Shannon Wienner index,Pielou's evenness index and Alatalo evenness index.The results show that the diversity indices arose steadily when the succession developed from the annual herbosa to the mixed broad leaved deciduous forest,After the stage of the mixed broad leaved deciduous forest,the indices decreased more or less except species abundance.According to the surrounding communities,the climax community would be Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forest.At the climax,diversities of shrub and herb layers (living forms) arose again though that of tree layer continued to decrease.The characterisitics of the three living form diversities in different successional stages are as follows:in the primary stages,indices of herb living from>those of shrub one>those of tree one.In the middle stage (the stage of mixed broad leaved deciduous forest) there are difference among the indices of the three living forms.But in the climax stage,indices of shrub living form>those of herb one>those of tree one.In order to measure the community diversity as a whole,the average of the relative thickness of the leaf layer and the relative coverage of each living from were used as weighting parameter here for the first time,and the dynamics of the general diversity indices proved that the weighting method is reasonable.

关 键 词：耕地 演替系列 Α多样性 植物生态学 植物群落 

分 类 号：Q948.154[生物学—植物学]