豚鼠变应性鼻炎模型鼻黏膜形态学的观察  

Allergic Rhinitis in Guinea Pig Models:Morphological Study of the Nasal Mucosa

作　　者：吉晓滨[1] 柳息洪[2] 杜洪[3] 臧林泉[4] 谢军[4] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州医学院附属市一人民医院耳鼻咽喉科,广东广州510180 [2]广州医学院电镜室,广东广州510182 [3]广州医学院附属市一人民医院病理科,广东广州510180 [4]中山大学基础医学院药理学教研室,广东广州510080

出　　处：《广州医学院学报》2007年第6期13-18,共6页Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical College

基　　金：广州市卫生局中医药中西医结合项目基金(编号2004A011)

摘　　要：目的:探讨变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜在光镜和电镜超微结构下的病理变化。方法:用橄榄油将甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯配成浓度为10%溶液作为致敏剂滴鼻,建立豚鼠变应性鼻炎动物模型8例。另取8例正常豚鼠作对照。致敏结束、模型成功后,取两组鼻黏膜进行光镜、透射电镜观察。结果:①光镜下见对照组鼻黏膜上皮层为假复层纤毛柱状上皮,连续、完整,可见正常的黏膜上皮层、固有层和黏膜下层。模型组鼻黏膜上皮脱落,杯状细胞增生,鳞状上皮组织转化,上皮坏死,固有层和黏膜下层腺体增生,血管扩张,组织水肿,并见特征性的嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大细胞浸润。②透射电镜见对照组鼻黏膜上皮细胞结构完整,纤毛整齐,微管规则,胞质内细胞器丰富。模型组鼻黏膜上皮破损,杯状细胞破损,纤毛微管紊乱,微绒毛消失,细胞体积、核、细胞器改变,见大量嗜酸性粒细胞和肥大细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞发生脱颗粒的改变,可见巨噬细胞及浆细胞,血管扩张,浆液腺体旺盛增生。结论:变应性鼻炎鼻黏膜出现变态反应性形态学的病理改变。Objective： To investigate the pathological changes in nasal mucosa among patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods： Animal models of allergic rhinitis were created in eight guinea pigs by nasal drip of a sensitizing solution containing 10% Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate in olive oil. Another 8 guinea pigs were prepared as normal controls. Subsequently, samples of nasal mucosa were obtained from the model group, studied under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, and compared with the findings for those from normal models. Results：① Under light microscope, samples from controls presented with continuous and integrated layer of normal-appearing pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium, lamina propria and submucosa. In contrast, mucosal samples from animal model showed epithelial desquamation and necrosis, proliferating goblet cells, squamous metaplasia, hyperplastic glands in lamina propria and submucosa, vascular dilation and tissue edema, in addition to the characteristic, massive infiltration with a number of inflammatory cell （ such as eosinophils and mast cells）. ②Under transmission electron microscope, samples from controls presented with integrated ultrastructure of normal epithelial cells, well-arranged cilia, distinct microtubules and abundant cytoplasmal organelles. Mucosal samples from animal model showed ruptured epithelium, damaged goblet cells, disrupted alignment of cilia and microtubules, changes in cell size, nucleus and organelles, complicated with plenty of infiltrating eosinophils and mast cells. Degranulation of eosinophils, presence of plasmacytes and macrophages, vascular dilation and mucous hyper-secretion were also found. Conclusion： Morphological changes characteristic of allergic reactions may be observed in nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 疾病模型 动物 鼻黏膜 病理学 超微结构 

分 类 号：R765.25[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]