ZL50型装载机铲斗的应力分析与结构优化设计  

Stress Analysis and Structural Optimization for Model ZL50 Loader Bucket

作　　者：石沛林[1] 徐冠林[1] 张立荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院,山东淄博255091

出　　处：《工程机械》2008年第6期29-33,共5页Construction Machinery and Equipment

摘　　要：装载机铲斗是装载机的主要工作装置,利用传统的设计方法进行设计存在许多问题。以ZL50型装载机的铲斗为例,对其工作状况进行分析,选取偏载和正载两种工况,利用PRO/E建立实体模型,并导入到有限元软件ANSYS中,然后进行有限元分析。由两种工况等效应力图可知,在铲斗边耳板下部与铲斗斗壁的结合处、铲斗斗底以及主刀板与侧立板的结合处应力都比较大,而且偏载时应力更大。为进一步提高安全系数,对模型提出以下改进措施:在应力较大的斗底部位焊接4块加强板,侧边第1块加强板距离铲斗侧边为300mm,相邻两板距离为770mm,以增加斗底的强度。改进后的模型应力明显变小,特别是在原模型应力最大处得到改善,改进后的模型的正载最大应力出现在铲斗斗底与斗底加强板下部的结合处,模型应力对称性较好;偏载时最大等效应力大大降低,提高了安全系数。该优化方案对铲斗的设计和改进具有一定的参考价值。Loader bucket is the main attachment for a loader. There are many problems in traditional design methods for buckets. Taking a model ZL50 loader as an example, its work situation is analyzed. Selecting two work conditions of offset loading and head-on loading, a solid model is set up with Pro/E and imported into finite element software ANSYS, then finite element analysis is conducted. From the equivalent stress curves of the two conditions, higher stresses are found at the connection of lower part of side ear plate and bucket wall, bucket bottom as well as the connection of main cutting plate and side vertical plate, especially in offset loading condition. In order to further increase safety factor, following countermeasures are presented for the model: four pieces of reinforce plates are welded on the bucket bottom to increase the bucket bottom strength, the two side reinforce plates are located at 300 mm from each bucket side and the space between two adjoining plates is 770 mm. Stresses of the improved model are decreased obviously; especially stresses in the positions where the maximum stresses of the original model occur are improved. For the improved model, the maximum stress under head-on loading occurs at the connection of bucket bottom and the lower part of reinforce bottom plates and all model stresses show better symmetrical characteristics. Under offset loading condition, the maximum equivalent stress is reduced significantly and safety factor is increased. The optimization concept presents some reference value for the design and improvement of buckets.

关 键 词：有限元分析 应力分析 结构优化 装载机铲斗 ANSYS 

分 类 号：TH243[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]