四地区城乡居民环境健康知识和态度与行为的现状调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Environmental Health among Urban and Rural Residents in Four Areas in China

作　　者：花晓川[1] 王菲菲[2] 刘红[1] 郭新彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部公共卫生学院,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2008年第6期506-509,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家环境保护部专项经费资助

摘　　要：目的了解城乡居民环境健康知识、态度、行为(KAP)的现状及其影响因素。方法于2007年7月3日—8月10日,采用自制问卷对兰州、太原、上海、青岛四地区的4607名城乡居民统一进行调查。问卷主要针对居民在环境与健康知识、态度和行为方面设计一定数量的相关问题。用Epidata3.0建库并录入数据,SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果城乡居民环境健康知识、态度与行为的平均得分(x±s)分别为4.14±1.30,4.88±0.85,4.05±1.11;环境健康知识的主要影响因素是文化程度(β=0.220,P<0.01)、接受环境健康教育的机会(β=0.164,P<0.01);环境健康态度的主要影响因素是接受环境健康教育的机会(β=0.201,P<0.01);环境健康行为的主要影响因素亦为接受环境健康教育的机会(β=0.288,P<0.01)。结论本次调查的我国四地区城乡居民环境健康KAP总体水平一般,表现为态度先行,知识和行为相对滞后;环境健康教育和文化程度是居民环境健康KAP最重要的影响因素;今后应有针对性地加强环境健康教育。Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14±1.30,4.88±0.85 and 4.05±1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background （β=0.220,P〈0.01） and the chance of acceptting environmental health education（β=0.164,P〈0.01）. The main influencing factor of environmental health attitude is the chance of acceptting environmental health education（β=0.201,P〈0.01）,so is environmental health practice （β=0.288,P〈0.01）. Conclusion The levels of environmental health KAP among urban and rural residents investigated in this study are generally not so high. Their attitudes to environmental health are active,while knowledge and practice are relatively passive. Environmental health education and education background are the most important influencing factors of residents＇ environmental health KAP. It is suggested that it is necessary to reinforce target-oriented environmental health education among urban and rural residents in China.

关 键 词：环境健康 居民 知识 态度 行为 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]