新型两性双子表面活性剂的合成与表面活性研究  

STUDY ON SYNTHESIS AND SURFACE ACTIVITY OF A NOVEL AMPHOTERIC GEMINI SURFACTANT

作　　者：王孝科[1] 田敉[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆科技学院化学化工学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《精细石油化工》2008年第3期17-20,共4页Speciality Petrochemicals

摘　　要：以十二烷基叔胺、环氧氯丙烷和氯乙酸为原料,利用两步法合成了双季铵盐羧甲基钠盐新型两性双子表面活性剂,采用元素分析、红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,考察了反应条件对合成反应收率的影响。第一步合成最佳条件为:n(叔胺):n(盐酸盐):n(环氧氯丙烷)为1.0:1.1:1.0,反应时间18 h;第二步合成最佳条件为:n(双季铵盐):n(氯乙酸)为1.0:1.4,反应时间3 h,反应温度40℃,NaOH质量分数为25%,产物收率达96.5%。产物CMC为0.06 mmol/L,γCMC为18.4 mN/m,优于季铵盐阳离子双子表面活性剂及传统两性表面活性剂。A novel amphoteric gemini surfactant was synthesized from dodecyl dimethyl amine, epoxy chloropropane and chloroacetic acid by a two-step synthesis method. The structure of the product was characterized with elemental analysis and IR. The influences of reaction conditions on the yield were studied. The optimum conditions of step one was： molar ratios of tertiary amine and hydrochloride and epoxy chloropropane 1.0 ： 1.1 ： 1.0, and reaction time 18 h. The optimum conditions of step two was： molar ratio of biquaternary ammonium salt and chloroacetic acid 1.0 ： 1.4, reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 40 ℃, and 25% NaOH, with the yield of the product being 96.5%. The critical micelle concentration （CMC） of the amphoteric gemini surfactant was 0.06 mmol/L and the surface tension （γCMC） was 18. 4 mN/m. The surface activity of the amphoteric gemini surfactant is superior to gemini quaternary ammonium salts cationic surfactants and conventional amphoteric surfactants.

关 键 词：两性双子表面活性剂 表面活性 十二烷基叔胺 环氧氯丙烷 氯乙酸 双季铵盐羧甲基钠盐 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]