小型、快速SMA空间解锁机构的设计与试验研究  

Design and Experimental Study of A Small and Quick Response SMA Space Release Device

作　　者：闫晓军[1] 于海[1] 张可[2] 赵坚城[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100080

出　　处：《宇航学报》2008年第3期1042-1046,共5页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：全国优秀博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(200351);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-06-0178)资助

摘　　要：航天器上需要解锁机构完成结构的分离任务,目前广泛采用的火工品螺栓存在安全和冲击等问题,因此其应用在某些场合受到限制。以太阳板二次展开的解锁为例,本文利用形状记忆合金(SMA)的记忆特性发展了小型、快速SMA空间解锁机构;选用Liang-Rogers本构模型,对解锁机构的核心部分-驱动器进行了设计;完成了解锁机构的样机研制和调试,进行了地面展开试验测试。研究结果表明:利用28V星载电源,研制的SMA空间解锁机构在0.1s内实现了解锁分离。新型SMA解锁机构安装体积小,解锁速度快,能够满足多个解锁机构同时使用的同步性要求,有很大的工程应用潜力。Space vehicles require a variety of separation and release devices to accomplish mission-related work, however, there widely exists the problems of shock and contamination, when conventional pyrotechnic release devices are employed. Take the example of the second dimension deployment of solar arrays, this paper had designed and tested a type of small, quick space release device that uses Shape Memory Alloys （SMA）. Firstly, the whole structure of the device was presented, and its work principle was fully explained. Then, based on Liang-Rogers＇s SMA constitutive model, the actuator of the device was designed, and at last ground deployment tests had demonstrated success of structure and actuator design. It is concluded that the developed SMA release device owning advantages of small size, well synchronization, lightweight, low shock, no contamination and easy reset etc, will play an important role in developing future advanced lightweight space structures.

关 键 词：形状记忆合金(SMA) 空间解锁机构 太阳板 本构关系 

分 类 号：V47[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]