论马克思自由平等观的变革  

On Evolution of Marx's View on Freedom and Equality

作　　者：李淑梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学系,天津300071

出　　处：《教学与研究》2008年第6期51-57,共7页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"意识形态与人的社会认同"(项目编号:05BZX015)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着西方市场经济的产生和发展,思想家们开始关注经济关系和生产劳动,他们把人与人的关系理解为单纯的商品交换关系,在物质生产领域商品交换形式的基础上论证普遍的自由、平等,从资产阶级市民社会入手,论证个人利益和普遍利益的统一。德国哲学家们从观念出发解释实践,以抽象的伦理道德实践的方式论证人人自由、平等,把政治国家作为特殊利益和普遍利益的统一。马克思从现实个人的物质生产劳动出发,用物质生产关系说明交换关系和政治伦理关系,揭露了阶级利益的冲突,揭露了资本主义普遍自由、平等的虚假性。商品交换存在于受人类生存必然性制约的物质生产领域,属于必然王国,只有变革资本主义经济和政治制度,在物质生产领域的彼岸,人人平等享用自由时间的自由王国才能繁荣起来。With the rise and growth of the market economy in the west, theorists have directed their attention to economic relations and labor. They define human relations merely in the sense of commodity exchange. Based on this understanding, they argue for general freedom and equality, and for integration of individual interests and common interests from the perspective of the capitalist civil society. They discuss human freedom and equality by referring to the abstract ethical practice, and thus consider political states to be integration of specific interests and general interests. Marx, however, analyzed the exchange and political ethical relations in the light of material relations with the labor of individual workers as the point of departure. He revealed the conflicts among different classes and falsity of general freedom and equality under the capitalist system. He emphasized that exchange of commodities takes place in the field of material production governed by necessity for human existence, which belongs to the realm of necessity. Only by changing the capitalist economic and political system can the realm of freedom be realized where people are able to enjoy free time with equal rights.

关 键 词：自由 平等 劳动 交换 利益 

分 类 号：A811.1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D081[政治法律—政治学]