四川农林外来入侵杂草种类的调查  

Invasive alien weeds species in farmland and forest in Sichuan province

作　　者：周小刚[1] 陈庆华[1] 张辉[2] 郑勇生[1] 高菡[1] 邓先才 蒋晓明 刘旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院植保所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省农业厅农药检定所,四川成都610041 [3]四川省射洪县柳树镇农业服务中心,四川射洪627100 [4]四川省大英县植保站,四川大英629118

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2008年第3期852-858,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十一·五”科技支撑重大项目资助(2006BAD08A09)

摘　　要：四川省农科院植保所等单位于1985—1987年间及2002—2006年间不完全调查，共发现外来入侵杂草63种，隶属21科，其中水生杂草2科2种（空心莲子草、风眼莲），陆生杂草20科62种（含水陆两栖杂草1种，即空心莲子草）。外来入侵杂草种数最多的科是菊科23种，种数较多的科有：豆科7种、苋科6种、禾本科4种、茄科3种。在63种外来入侵杂草中，恶性杂草（包括区域性恶性杂草）9种，占外来入侵杂草的14．29％，包括：空心莲子草、紫茎泽兰（区域性）、辣子草、稗、风眼莲、反枝苋、小飞蓬、野燕麦（区域性）、大爪草（区域性）；有毒杂草6种，占外来入侵杂草的9．68％，包括：紫茎泽兰、曼陀罗、喀西茄、马缨丹、三裂叶豚草、蓖麻；一般性杂草50种，占外来入侵杂草的79．37％。在外来入侵杂草的防除中，应根据当地的生态条件，采用检疫等法律手段控制其传播和蔓延，采用农业、生物、物理、化学等综合措施，控制有害杂草的危害和蔓延，达到生态修复，长久控制害草的目标。Invasive alien weeds are the alien weeds which threaten ecosystem, habitats, species and human health. Invasive alien weeds harm not only biology diversity, but also the society,economy, culture and so on. Sichuan province is one of the most serious districts influenced by invasive alien weeds in China. By investigations of Plant Protection Institute of SAAS （ 1985 - 1987 and 2002 - 2006 ）, 63 alien invasive weeds of 21 families were disoovered,and among these species there were 2 aquicolous weeds Alternanthera philoxeroides（ Mart. ） Griseb and Eichhornia crassipes （Mart.） Solms ,62 terraneous weeds of 20 families （including 1 amphibious weed A. philoxeroides）. Most of the weeds are Asteraceae （ Compositae ） weeds, then Leguminosae, Amaranthaceae, Gramineae, Solanaceae, corresponding to 23,7,6,4 and 3 species, respectively. There are 9 destructive weeds（ including regional destructive weeds）, amounting to 14.29 % of the total alien invasive weeds, that is to say ,A. philoxeroides ,Eupatorium coelestinum L. , C, alinaoga Parviflora Cav. ,Echinochloa crusgalli（ L. ） Beauv, E. crassipes,Arnaranthus retroflexus L. , Comnyza canadenais （ L. ） Cronq. and Arena fatua L. Five poisonous species ,9.68 % of the total, are E. coelestinum, Datufa stramonium L. ,So/anum khasianum C. B. Clarke,Lantana camara L. and Ricinus communis L. Besides,there are 49 nomud invasive alien weeds ,accounting for 79.37 %. In the process of controlling the invasive alien weeds ,plant quarantine and other legal measures should be applied to prevent their propagation and infestation. Meanwhile,according to the local ecosystem,the integrated management of agricultural, biological,physical and chemical methods should be adopted to prevent the damage and infestation of alien invasive weeds in order to restore native ecology and control the weeds permanently.

关 键 词：外来入侵杂草 恶性杂草 防除 

分 类 号：S545[农业科学—作物学]