灾害应急管理的若干基本问题的探讨  

On Some Basic Problems of Disaster Emergency Management

作　　者：毛德华[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,长沙410081

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2008年第2期35-38,76,共5页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(06JJ2061);湖南省重点学科自然地理学项目

摘　　要：对人类的灾害心理行为机制及其特点的研究揭示出:要特别重视缓发性灾害的应急管理;要及时地进行心理干预,引导消极行为转向积极行为。为了形成团体有效一致的减灾行为,必须从普及灾害知识入手,从而树立正确的灾害态度。同时,在灾害应急管理中应充分发挥团体的凝聚力、战斗力,个体行为要服从团体行为。灾害应急管理是链接灾前风险管理与灾后风险管理的一环,虽然时间短暂,但可以在很大程度上减少伤亡,且为以后的重建的顺利进行打下基础。在灾害应急管理中要搞好自助、共助与公助责任的合理分割。Researches on human disaster psychology show： emergency management of gradual disasters should be paid attention to; psychological intervention should be in time to cure passive behaviors. In order to generate collective and effective effort, basic knowledge about disasters should be promulgated, so that correct attitude can be developed. Emergency management should make full use of group work, and individual effort should serve the group effort. Emergency management connects disaster risk management before and after disasters, can limit the casualties to a large extent, even though the period is very short. In emergency management, the responsibilities of self-rescue, public relief and government relief should be properly separated.

关 键 词：灾害心理行为机制 灾害风险管理 责任分割 灾害应急管理 

分 类 号：D630.1[政治法律—政治学]