中华绒螯蟹多倍体的诱导研究 : Ⅱ.热休克诱导中华绒螯蟹三倍体胚胎和四倍体 状幼体  

STUDIES ON THE INDUCTION OF POLYPLOID IN THE CHINESE MITTEN HANDED CRAB, ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS: II. INDUCTION OF TRIPLOIDY EMBRYOS AND TETRAPLOIDY ZOEAS IN ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS BY HEAT SHOCK TREATMENT

作　　者：陈立侨[1] 赵云龙[1] 周忠良[1] 唐灵燕 陈魏 堵南山[1] 赖伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生物学系

出　　处：《动物学报》1997年第4期390-398,共9页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：上海市青年科技启明星计划基金

摘　　要：采用热休克方法对中华绒螯蟹进行了三倍体、四倍体的人工诱导研究。结果表明，在卵子受精后（发育水温２０±１℃）１０～２５分钟，用３８～４１℃的高温处理１～２分钟，三倍体的平均诱导率为１０％～５０％，而对受精后３０分钟的卵子进行诱导，或在４０℃下处理超过２５分钟和处理温度高于４２℃诱导１５分钟的各试验组，均未检测到有三倍体胚胎。依据诱导三倍体的适宜诱导温度和处理时间，将受精后８１／２～９５／６小时的卵子用４０℃热休克处理１５分钟，均获得了一定比例的四倍体胚胎，其中四倍体最高诱导率为５２９６％。检查卵受精后８５／６小时经热休克处理所孵得的氵蚤状幼体，其四倍体的出现频率约为１９７％。讨论了热休克处理促使第一极体保留生产三倍体和抑制第一次卵裂诱导四倍体的条件和技术关键，以及诱导参数与胚胎发育、胚胎存活的相互关系等问题。Studies on the induction of triploid and tetraploid in Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis, were carried out using heat-shock techniques from January to April in 1993 and January to May in 1994 in Shanghai. Heat shocks were applied to the crab ova at different times after fertilization (range 10～25 min) with various temperature (38～41℃) and durations (1～2min), and 10%～50% triploidy embryos were obtained. Whereas the triploidy embryo was not found either in the heat treatment groups begun at 30min after fertilization, the zygotes treated more than 25 min at 40℃ initiated 15 min after fertilization, or in the groups of eggs subjected to a heat shock treatment of 42℃ for 15 min duration. Following the results of triploidy induction, the crab zygotes treated prior to the first cleavage at 40℃ for 15 min yielded low to moderate frequencies of tetraploidy embryos. The maximum percentage of tetraploidy occurrence was 5269%. About 197% artificial tetraploidy zoeas were identified from the individuals hatched from one shocked crab through chromosome observation. A discussion was made not only on the techniques of the prevention of first polar body extrusion for producing triploids, and on the conditions for the inhibition of first cleavage for inducing tetraploids, but also on the effect of heat shock treatment on the embryonic survival rate and the extent of embryo development. The successful induction of chromosome polyploidy in the crab has made the polyploid breeding in these species possible.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 胚胎 溲状幼体 热休克 多倍体 

分 类 号：Q959.223[生物学—动物学]