《联合国海洋法公约》生效的负面效应分析  

The Negative Influence of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

作　　者：刘中民[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所,教授上海200083

出　　处：《外交评论（外交学院学报）》2008年第3期82-89,共8页Foreign Affairs Review

基　　金：2006年教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目成果;2004年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"世界海洋政治的发展与中国海洋战略选择"(04JJDZH017)阶段性成果;上海市重点学科(B701)建设项目战果

摘　　要：长期以来学界对《联合国海洋法公约》生效的负面影响缺乏系统深入的研究,这显然不利于中国海洋权益的维护。本文从三个方面分析了《公约》生效的负面影响:第一,《公约》的生效导致国际海洋划界争端的加剧,其根源主要在于《公约》关于划界原则笼统、含糊的规定,导致各国对海洋划界原则的理解和适用产生巨大分歧;第二,专属经济区内海上冲突的法律争议加剧,其根源主要在于《公约》的不完善,以及少数海洋大国利用《公约》的缺失侵害他国的专属经济区权益;第三,海洋法中"剩余权利"问题的消极影响开始显现,主要表现为《公约》对许多问题未作明确规定,当前最为突出的问题是在海洋和平利用以及海上反恐问题上引发的争议。For a long time, the Chinese academia made no systematic study on the negative influence of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which is obviously detrimental to the protection of China’s sea rights and interests. This paper analyzed the negative influence of the UNCLOS from three aspects: (1) The UNCLOS in operation has aggravated conflicts related to delimitation of maritime boundaries, chiefly because its regulations concerning delimitation of maritime boundaries are inexplicit and vague, and may lead to great differences of understanding and application between different states. (2) The UNCLOS in operation has intensified legal disputes in maritime conflicts in Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), due to the faultiness of the UNCLOS and violation of other countries’ rights and interests in EEC by some sea hegemony powers. (3) The surplus rights issues in the UNCLOS began to emerge, as the UNCLOS lacks definite regulations on many issues. The most prominent issue at present is the disputes related to the peaceful use of the seas and anti-terrorism on the seas.

关 键 词：《联合国海洋法公约》 海洋划界争端 军事冲突 剩余权利 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D923.6[政治法律—法学]