“大中东计划”背后的“石油美元”  

Oil Dollars" behind the "Greater Middle East Initiative

作　　者：岳汉景[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学政治学院国际政治系

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2008年第7期40-45,共6页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代初起,美国护持霸权的经济机制是"石油美元"。然而冷战结束后,欧盟一体化进程加快,欧洲统一货币欧元于1999年诞生,并在欧盟多数国家启动,从而对美元的地位构成挑战。又由于欧盟与石油富集的中东国家有密切的经济、政治关系,中东反美国家,如伊拉克在欧元启动后不久就要求其石油买家以欧元作为偿付货币,因此,"石油美元"面临现实威胁。为消除这一威胁,美国拟采取军事手段,而九一一事件为美国采取军事行动提供了绝好的机会,反恐和推进民主是美国采取军事行动的借口,于是"大中东计划"得以推出。它在本质上是美国全面控制中东地区、以保护"石油美元"、维护霸权的计划。Since early 1970s,the United States has been using the oil dollars as an economic mechnisim to maintain its hegemony.After the end of Cold War,however,the unified European currency was produced in 1999 and issued in most of the EU countries with the integrity of EU stepping on the juice,hence the challenge to the position of U.S.dollars.Furtherly,it is because EU was closely connected with the Middle East countries in economy and politics,and some anti-U.S.countries,such as Iraq,in the Middle East had sought to be paid by Euro soon after this currency was launched that the 'Oil Dollars' was actually challenged.In order to eliminate the threat,when the the event of September 11 attack happened and counter-terrorism and promoting democracy became the good opportunity and quillet,the U.S.took military actions and the 'Greater Middle East Initiative' was then put forward,which is in nature an initiative for the U.S.to entirely control the Middle East area,protect the 'Oil Dollar' and maintain its hegemony.

关 键 词：“大中东计划” “石油美元” 美国 欧盟 中东 

分 类 号：D737[政治法律—政治学]