吉林玉米带黑土水分渗透机理研究  

Study on Mechanism of Water Permeability of Black Soil in Jilin Corn Belt

作　　者：王鸿斌[1] 郭金瑞[2] 王宇[1] 赵兰坡[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院吉林省生态恢复与生态系统管理省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究中心,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2008年第3期92-95,共4页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家沃土工程(2006BAD25B05)项目;“东北平原中部(吉林)春玉米丰产高效技术集成研究与示范”项目

摘　　要：通过田间调查和模拟构型试验,探讨了影响吉林省玉米连作黑土水分渗透的原因和机理。结果表明,现行的以小四轮拖拉机为主要动力的耕作制度下,土壤剖面中耕层与犁底层的界面为"波浪形,"每年进行秋翻的玉米田,其耕层与梨底层的界面为"平面形"。通过模拟构型,研究了不同剖面构型的水分特征及对土壤肥力的影响。"平面形"剖面构造改善了土壤的通透性,增加了土壤水分渗透的速率,减少了雨水径流。"波浪形"剖面耕层土壤的耗水量比"平面形"剖面的大,特别是后期,易发生水分亏缺现象。因此,现行的不合理的耕作是导致吉林玉米带黑土肥力退化的主要原因。By field investigation and imitate experiment, causes and mechanism of permeability of black soil in Songliao plain were studied. The results showed that the surface of the cultivated profiles and plough sole under the cropping system and soil management motivated mainly by small four-wheeled tractor was wavy type while the surface of the plowing layer and plough sole of the corn field under the cropping system of annual autumn plowing was flat type. This paper systemically studied moisture characteristics and influences under different profile morphological characteristics. And revealed that ＂flat type＂ section has better soil structure and appropriate pore ratio, which improved the soil permeability, reduced soil erosion. The corn water-consumption of ＂wavy type＂ section cultivated horizon was bigger than that of ＂flat type＂ section. Soil water could appear shortage in ＂wavy type＂ section, especially in the post period. It thus follows that the present systems of improper cultivation is the main causes of fertility degradation of black soil in corn belt of Songliao plain.

关 键 词：吉林玉米带 黑土 水分渗透 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]