不同耕作与施肥方法对水稻根系生长分布和活性的影响  

Effects of Root Distribution,Growth and Vigor of Japonica Rice with Different Cultivations and Fertilizations

作　　者：代贵金[1] 岩石真嗣 三木孝昭 华泽田 王彦荣 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水稻研究所,沈阳110161 [2]自然农法国际研究开发中心,日本长野3901401 [3]辽宁省稻作研究所,沈阳110101

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2008年第3期274-278,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部结构调整项目(06-01-05B)

摘　　要：以日本水稻品种Koshihikari为试材,采用不同的自然农法耕作及施肥处理如秋翻与否、春耕深度、施肥时期和种类等,对水稻根系的生长分布特点以及不同处理对根系生长分布的影响进行研究,结果表明:在垂直方向上,根系主要分布在0～10cm土层,15cm土层以下根系分布很少;在水平方向上,正下方根系约占71%。不同的耕作处理对根系具有不同的影响。秋季和春季深耕能有效地促进根系向斜下方向伸展,促进根系在中下层的生长和分布,但对根系活力的影响不大;春季浅耕促进根系在表层的分布。施肥时期对根系也具有明显的影响,与灌水前施肥相比,灌水后施肥有利于促进根系在上层土壤中的生长和分布;钙镁肥的施用能增加5～15cm土层根重,但对表层根的生长不利,施肥时期和钙镁肥施用与否对根系活力的影响也较大。Taking rice variety Koshihikari as materials, root growth, distribution and vigor were studied with different cultivation treatments including Autumn plough or not, Spring plough depth, fertilizing date and fertilizing Ca-Mg or not. The results showed that：（1） In the vertical direction, about 75% of the whole root distributed in the soil layer of 0-10cm. In the horizontal direction, the root below the plant accounted for about 71% of the whole root amount.（2） Tillage methods could affect root growth and distribution greatly. Deep plough in Autumn and Spring both accelerated the growth and distribution of the root in 0-10cm soil layer and made more roots extend sidewords and downwards, but they were not effective on root vigor.（3） Fertilizing date presented obvious effects on root growth and distribution. Fertilization after watering was more primitive to the root in up-soil layers than before watering. Fertilization of Ca-Mg was positive to the increase of root in 5-15cm soil layer, but negative to that in the surface layer. Both fertilization date and Ca-Mg fertilizer affected root vigor obviously.

关 键 词：水稻 根系生长 根系分布 根系活性 耕作栽培 自然农法 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S341.1