吉林黑土区玉米田土壤真菌的多样性  

Diversity of Soil Fungi in Black Soil Planted with Corn in Jilin Province

作　　者：刘淑霞[1] 周平[1] 赵兰坡[1] 史铭儡[1] 李玉[1] 秦治家 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118 [2]吉林省东辽县金洲农业站

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2008年第7期42-46,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“863”计划(2006AA10A309);沃土工程项目(2006BAD25B05);吉林农业大学博士后基金资助项目

摘　　要：在2003年4月—2004年10月,在吉林黑土区采集玉米田土壤,采用稀释平板法、土粒淋洗法和土壤平板法,选用马丁氏、查氏和PDA3种不同培养基进行真菌的分离和培养,共分离出131个土壤真菌菌株,在查氏培养基上经形态鉴定确定25属、55种、4变种,其中吉林省新记录种14个,即点枝顶孢(Acremonium strictum W.Gams)、华丽节丛孢(Arthrobotrys superba Corda.)、扁豆枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum(Pers.)Link var.lablab Sacc.)、肉色曲霉(Aspergillus carnus(v.Tiegh.)Thom.)、蜂蜜曲霉(Aspergillus melleus Yukawa.)、桔黑青霉(Penicillium citreonigrum Dierckx.)、桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum Thom.)、顶青霉(Penicil lium corylophilum Dierckx.)、微紫青霉(Penicillium janthinellum Biourge.)、托姆青霉(Penicillium thomii Maire.)、瓦克青霉(Penicillium waksmanii Zal.)、马昆德拟青霉(Paecilomyces marquandii(Mass.)Hughes.)、节状镰孢(Fusarium merismoides Corda.)和棕黑腐质霉(Humicola fuscoatra Traaen.)。结果表明,青霉属(Penicillium)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)为吉林黑土区玉米田土壤真菌的优势种群;土壤真菌区系与土壤剖面层次、施肥方式和种植作物种类有关;正常施肥土壤中真菌种类多于不施肥土壤及休闲土壤,耕层土壤真菌种类多于犁底层土壤。A total of 131 strains were separated from soil samples from black soil planted with corn in Jilin Province during April 2003 and December 2004. Then the strains were cultured with Matins, czapek, and PDA culture media by the methods of dilution plate, soil particle leaching, and soil plate. Through the observation of morphological characteristics under light microscope, 25 fungal genera, 55 species and 4 varieties isolated from the soil were identified, among which 14 species were recorded for the first time in Jilin of China, namely Acremonium stricture W. Gams, Arthrobotrys superba Corda. , Cladosporium herbarum （ Pers. ） Link var. lablab Sacc., Aspergillus carnus （ v. Tiegh. ） Thom, Aspergillus melleus Yukawa. , Penicillium citreonigrum Dierekx. , Penicillium citrinum Thom., Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx. , Penicillium janthinellum Biourge., Penicillium thomii Maire., Penicillium waksmanii Zal., Paecilomyces marquandii （ Mass.） Hughes., Fusarium merismoides Corda., and Humicolafuscoatra Traaen. Results show that Penicillium and Aspergillus are dominant genera in the black soil in Jilin. Soil fungal flora is closely related to soil layer, fertilization method and crop species. The fungal species in normal fertilization soil are more than those in non-fertilization soil and fallow soil, and the ftmgal species in upper layer soil are more than those in plow layer soil.

关 键 词：黑土 农田 真菌区系 施肥 

分 类 号：S714.5[农业科学—林学]