神府东胜矿区不同下垫面产流产沙试验研究  

Effect of Different Underlying Surfaces on Runoff Generation and Sediment Yield in Shenfu-Dongsheng Coal Mining Area

作　　者：李强[1] 李占斌[1] 鲁克新[1] 王民[1] 穆军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2008年第3期1-3,共3页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2007CB407206);教育部博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20060700004)

摘　　要：针对神府东胜矿区煤田开采过程中所引发的严重新增水土流失问题，采用野外模拟降雨实验的研究方法，对神府东胜矿区不同下垫面降雨人渗、侵蚀产沙规律进行了初步研究。结果表明：在相同雨强条件下，不同类型下垫面对人渗速率的影响差异性较大，稳渗率大小顺序为扰动地面〉原状地面〉非硬化路面；在降雨过程中不同类型下垫面的径流量随时间增加而增大，其大小顺序为非硬化路面〉扰动地面〉原状地面；不同类型下垫面的侵蚀产沙高峰期均出现在降雨初期的0～20min内，此后侵蚀产沙均下降并趋于稳定．并且不同类型下垫面间的侵蚀产沙量差别不大；非硬化路面的径流含沙量一直稳定在较低水平，而其它类型下垫面的径流含沙量降雨初期很大而后急剧下降，并逐渐接近于非硬化路面的径流含沙量。According to the sevious newly-increased soil and water loss caused by the mining exploitation in the Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mining area,the effects of different underlying surfaces including undisturbed soil, disturbed soil and earth road on runoff generation and sediment yield in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mining area together with their reasons or mechanisms,were analyzed preliminarily in the paper. The results indicated that, under the same rainfall intensity,the initial infiltration rates of all the underlying surfaces were similar,and the steady infiltration rate of disturbed soil slope was the biggest one among the different underlying surface slopes,and that of earth road slope was smaller than that of undisturbed soil slope. In addition,all the infil- tration rates of the different slopes increased firstly and then reduced with the increasing of rainfall duration. The peak of sediment yields for three different underlying surfaces appeared in the initial 0-20 min of simulated rainfall,after then all the sediment yields reduced and then kept relatively steady. During the simulated rainfall experiments, the sediment concentration of earth road kept small and steady, while those of other underlying surfaces were high at the beginning stage of rainfall, then reduced remarkably, and were finally close to that of earth road slope.

关 键 词：神府东胜矿区 下垫面 径流量 入渗率 含沙量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]