清末农会与农业改良刍探  

The Study on the Rise of Peasant Associations and Agricultural Improvement in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李永芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学社会发展学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《中国农史》2008年第2期33-40,共8页Agricultural History of China

摘　　要：清朝末年,面临甲午战后民族危机的加深与农业生产的衰微,清政府谕允饬令各地遍设农会,希图利用民间力量与官方力量共同振兴农业,摆脱国用匮绌的窘境。清末农会肇始于1907年7月成立的直隶农务总会,随后,其他各省相继创办。清末农会开展了编辑农报,翻译农书;创办农业学堂;开办农业试验场;举行农产品评会,设立陈列所;植树造林以及农业调查等一系列农事活动。其在"整理农业之枢纽"、促进农业改良方面无疑发挥了积极的作用,但由于该组织受到官府监督、绅商控制,加之经费拮据,其在推动近代中国农业发展和维护农民利益方面的作用又是有限的。At the late Qing Dynasty, facing the national crisis deepening and the depression of agricultural production after the Jiawu war, the Qing government permitted and commanded each place to set up peasant associations. It attempted to use folk and official strength to promote agriculture and overcome revenue crisis. The peasant association at the end of the Qing was initiated from Zhihli general association of agriculture affairs that was set up in July, 1907. Afterwards, other various provinces organized peasant associations one after another. They compiled agriculture newspaper and translated the foreign agriculture books, set up agricultural test facility; held appraisal meetings of agricultural production, established exhibition institute, opened up agricultural production mill; started wasteland, constructed water conservation, did afforestation , developed investigation and study, accepted mediation of civil disputes, protected farmer and so on. The activities had important influence and function in playing the role of the center of managing agriculture and impelling the modern course of Chinese agriculture. It was one kind of social group that was under the surveillance of government authorities and the control of the gentlemen and businessmen. So the function of impelling China＇ s agriculture to develop and controlling the interest of the peasant was limited.

关 键 词：清末 农会 农业改良 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K03[历史地理—历史学]