民主改革前安多藏族部落的草山权属与牲畜租佃关系  

The Ownership of Grasslands and the Tenancy Relationships of Livestock in Anduo Tibetan Tribe before the Democratic Reform

作　　者：黄正林[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学近代中国研究所,河南开封475001

出　　处：《中国农史》2008年第2期69-78,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"近代黄河上游区域农村社会经济变迁研究"的阶段性成果(批号06BZS032)

摘　　要：民主改革前安多藏族部落草山权属有部落公有、土司占有制、寺庙占有制和私人占有制四种形式。部落头人、贵族不仅占有最好的草山,而且拥有对草场的绝对支配权。牲畜是藏族游牧部落最基本的生产资料,从部落头人到属民大多数都有属于自己的牲畜,但和草山使用权一样,藏族部落里牧主与牧民的牲畜所有权也是不平衡的,占部落户口不足10%的牧主(部落头人、寺院、贵族等)阶层占有部落牲畜总量的20—50%,有的部落高达60%以上;占部落户口60%以上的贫苦牧民只占有部落20%左右的牲畜,甚至许多贫苦牧民没有牲畜。正是这种牲畜占有的不平衡导致了牲畜租佃关系的发生。在藏族部落牲畜的租佃关系中,佃户完全处于不利的地位。There were four kinds of the ownership of grasslands in Anduo Tibetan tribe before the democratic reform. They are publicly owned by the tribe, owned by Tusi, owned by temple and private ownership. The headman and the nobleman not only possessed the best grasslands, but also dominated them. Livestock are the basic capital goods for Tibetan nomadic tribe. From headman to herdsman, most of them had livestock. Just like the usage of grassland, the possession of livestock was not balance between flock master and herdsman. Flock masters （tribes＇ headman, temple and nobleman） were only 10%, but possessed livestock 20-50%, even more than 60% in some tribes; more than 60% poor herdsman only possessed livestock about ：20%, even some of them did not owned livestock. Therefore, the tenancy relationships of livestock existed in Tibetan tribes, and renters were at a big disadvantage.

关 键 词：安多 藏族部落 草山权属 牲畜租佃关系 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学]