武夷山黄山松林主要种群生态位特征  

Niche Characteristics of Dominant Populations in Pinus taiwanensis Forest in Wuyi Mountain

作　　者：封磊[1] 洪伟[2] 吴承祯[2] 宋萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学林学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《山地学报》2008年第3期308-316,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30471385);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(BO110026)~~

摘　　要：根据样地调查所获得的基本数据,运用生态位宽度、生态位中心、生态位偏离、生态位扩散系数和生态位重叠测度公式,在反映热量、水分、光照变化情况的海拔、坡度和坡向梯度轴上,以种群重要值作为资源位上的表现特征,分别计测了武夷山黄山松林主要种群的生态位特征。结果表明:武夷山黄山松林主要种群在海拔轴、坡度轴及坡向轴上的生态位总宽度的大小顺序大致为:黄山松、吊钟花、鹿角杜鹃、南方铁杉、豆梨、木荷、云锦杜鹃、粗柄杜鹃、多脉青冈、野樱、弯蒴杜鹃、米饭花。多数主要种群具有较宽的生态位幅度,而少数物种对资源利用还不完全。黄山松生态位宽度占据明显优势,其他种群的生态位宽度都基本上客观地反映了它们在群落中各自不同的地位和作用。在海拔、坡度、坡向轴上,不同种群的实现生态位中心点及生态位偏离差异较大,其最佳适应存在明显的差异,而群落内不同种群间的生态位扩散系数差异不十分明显,其对环境因子的选择强度差异不大。武夷山黄山松林多数主要种群在3个资源轴上的资源利用能力或环境的生态适应能力方面有较大程度的相似性,生态位普遍重叠,资源共享趋势明显。Altitude, slope and aspect which indirectly reflected the change of heat, moisture and illumination of environment respectively being viewed as environmental gradient axis and important value of populations as expression property, niche characteristics of dominant populations in Pinus taiwanensis forest in Wuyi mountain were studies with the formulas of niche overlap, niche center, niche deviation, niche dispersion coefficient and niche overlap based on the essential data obtained by plot research. The results indicated that the order of niche total breadth the dominant populations in 3 gradient axis-altitude, slope and aspect from high to low approximately was Piuns taiwanensis, Enkianthus quinqueflorus, Rhododendron latoucheae, Tsuga tchekiangensis, Pyrus calleryana, Schima superba, Rhododendron fortunei, Rhododendron pachypodum, Cyclobanopsis muhinervius, Prunus phaeostica, Rhododendron henryi Hance, Vaccinium spergelii. Of which, most dominant population possessed bread niche, while few occupied environmental resource incompletely. Niche breadth of Pinus taiwanensis is predominant. Niche breadth of other populations objectively expressed their status and pole in the community separately by and large. In altitude, slope and aspect axis, variance of realistic niche center and niche deviation between different populations was all large, as reflected large differentia existed in their optimal fitness to environment, while variance of niche dispersion coefficient wasn＇ t large, as showed differentia of intensity of environmental factor selection was low. There was a great similarity of resource utilization and environment fitness capability between the most dominant populations and a obvious tendency of resource sharing with universal overlap of niche.

关 键 词：武夷山 黄山松林 生态位 海拔 坡度 坡向 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]