几种杀生剂的杀菌规律与作用机理探讨  

Exploration on Germicidal Regularity and Action Mechanism of Several Bactericides

作　　者：袁晓娟[1] 吕荣湖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学化学科学与工程学院,北京102249

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2008年第17期7425-7426,7436,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]为杀菌剂的复配增效提供参考。[方法]采用绝迹稀释法和平板涂抹计数法,探讨几类常用杀菌剂的杀菌规律和作用机理,并进行复配。[结果]优氯净、季铵盐和双季铵盐类对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的杀灭效果较好,甲醛效果较差。优氯净对异养菌的杀灭效果最好,甲醛和异噻唑啉酮效果稍差,其他杀菌剂效果较好。醛类、季铵盐类杀菌剂分别通过亲核加成反应、渗透和扩散杀灭细菌;优氯净以氧化作用而使微生物死亡。复配杀菌剂浓度为10mg/L时可以将细菌含量控制在油田回注水标准之内,50mg/L时能将硫酸盐还原菌和异养菌彻底杀灭。[结论]在充分了解杀菌剂作用机理的基础上,可以进行不同杀菌剂间的复配增效。[Objective] The aim was to supply reference for complex synergism of bactericides. [Method] The methods of vanish dilution and fiat plate smearing and counting were used to explore the germicidal regularities and action mechanism of several kinds of bactericides in common use, and their complex preparations were made. [Result] The sodium dichloroisocyanurate, quaternary ammonium salts, biquaternary ammonium salts had better killing effect on sulfate reducing bacteria （SRB）, while the bactericidal effect of formaldehyde was worse. The sodium dichloroisocyanurate had best killing effect on heterotrophic bacteria, the germicidal efficacy of formaldehyde and isothiazolonethe was slightly inferior, and germicidal effect of the other bactericides was better. The bactericides of aldehydes and quaternary ammonium salts killed bacteria through nucleophilic additional reaction, infiltration and diffusion resp.; the sodium dichloroisocyanurate made microorganism dead through oxidation. The bacteria content could be controlled within the standard of oilfield reinjection water when the compound bactericides was 10 mg/L, and SRB and heterotrophic bacteria could be eliminated thoroughly when the compound bactericides was 50 mg/L. [Conclusion] The complex synergism could be performed among different bactericides on the basis of making clear the action mechanism of bactericide.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 硫酸盐还原菌 异养菌 杀菌规律 

分 类 号：TQ455[化学工程—农药化工]