豫北秸秆还田配施氮肥对冬小麦氮利用及土壤硝态氮的短期效应  

Short-term influences of straw and nitrogen cooperation on nitrogen use and soil nitrate content in North Henan

作　　者：赵鹏[1] 陈阜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2008年第4期19-23,共5页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD17B09);农业部公益性科研项目(2007-05)

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆还田对冬小麦氮利用、产量和土壤硝态氮的影响,于2006-2007年生长季在河南省滑县进行了田间小区定位试验。研究结果表明,与单施氮肥相比：秸秆还田配施氮肥的冬小麦植株氮素含量和干物质积累均呈“前低后高”（以抽穗为界）的趋势,这种变化动态有利于提高产量,增加籽粒粗蛋白质含量。与单施纯氮90、180、270和360 kg/hm^2相比：秸秆还田配施同量氮肥氮收获指数（NHI）分别提高了16.7%、13.4%、9.1%、6.2%;籽粒粗蛋白质含量分别提高了0.58%、3.79%、3.35%、2.27%;籽粒产量分别增产了7.7%、8.4%、11.0%、10.2%;减少小麦收获后0～200 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留量的幅度为6.7～131.9 kg/hm^2。初步研究表明,秸秆还田短期内提高了冬小麦氮素利用效率,改善了籽粒品质,减少了0～200 cm土层土壤剖面硝态氮残留量;豫北秸秆还田配施纯氮以180～270 kg/hm^2为宜。As a large amount crop straw is returned to soil in North Henan, there is an urgent need to develop new techniques for improving nitrogen use efficiency. This study was concerned about the differences in nitrogen use, grain yield and quality of winter wheat and soil nitrate content when using different quantities if straw and nitrogen fertilizer together. The used nitrogen rates were 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg/hm^2 , with and without crop residue incorporation to soil. The results showed that, comparing with nitrogen fertilizer only, straw and nitrogen cooperation enhanced nitrogen harvest index by 16.7%, 13.4%, 9. 1% and 6.2%, respectively. Crude protein content in grains were also increased by0.58%, 3.79%, 3.35%, and2.27%, respectively, grain yield by7.7%, 8.4%, 11.0% and 10.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, Nitrate content in 0-200 cm soil decreased by 6.7-131.9 kg/hm^2 at the end of winter wheat harvest.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 化学氮肥 冬小麦 氮素利用效率 产量 土壤硝态氮残留 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]