南滚河流域亚洲象生境质量现状评价  

Assessment of Asian elephant habitat quality status quo in Nangunhe valley,China

作　　者：郎学东[1] 彭明春[1] 王崇云[1] 李永杰 段禾祥[1] 李晓华[1] 江望高[3] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所,云南昆明650091 [2]云南林业调查规划院生态分院,云南昆明650031 [3]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第4期415-423,共9页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2003CB415100);美国渔与野生动物署亚洲象保护基金项目资助(98210-0-G717)

摘　　要：以2002～2006年南滚河流域野生亚洲象的实际活动范围（3613．32hm^2）为研究区．采用3S技术、法瑞学派野外群落样地调查方法并结合主成分分析法（PCA）和因子评分赋值法，选取了9个影响亚洲象的主要生境因子进行综合分析并对亚洲象生境质量现状进行评价，将生境质量划分为5个等级．结果表明：①优等生境，良好生境，中等生境，劣等生境，未利用生境所占面积比例分别为32．14％，8．97％，16．88％，40．77％，1．24％；②生境因子综合作用中，各权重赋值分别为水源地距离0．1620，坡向0．1493，海拔0．1431，植被类型0．1414，硝塘距离0．1224，坡度0．1050，稀泥塘距离0．0692，居民点距离0．0656，规一化植被指数（NDVI）0．0420；③亚洲象对各因素的最佳选择分别为：水源地距离200～400m、坡向南，海拔700～900m，植被类型半常绿季雨林，硝塘距离0～1000m，坡度8°～15°，稀泥塘距离2000～3000m，居民点距离4000～5000m，NDVI〉0．5．The study area is the wild Asian elephant＇s range （3 613.32 hm2） in the Nangunhe area of China from 2002 to 2006. In the research, Braun-Blanque methods in plant community sampling were applied. The ecological factors were extracted and analyzed depended on spatial information technique （GPS, RS and GIS）. And Principal Components Analysis （PCA） and Multi-factor Analysis were used to rank the importance of the ecological factors. On the basis of that, the habitat quality were ranked by 9 habitat factors and classed into five grades. The result shows that：① The area proportion of the best quality habitat, the better habitat, the mediate habitat, the good habitat and the unoccupied habitat respectively were 32.14 %, 8.97 %, 16.88 %, 40.77%, 1.24% ;②The weight fractions of the ecological factors are that the distance to water resources is 0. 162 0, slope aspect is 0. 1493, altitude is 0. 143 1, vegetation types is 0. 141 4, the distance to mineral ponds is 0. 122 4, slope gradient is 0. 105 0, the bog distance is 0. 069 2, the distance to the settlements is 0. 065 6, and NDVI is 0.042 0;③ The frequent choice of Asian elephants for the distance to water resources is 200-- 400 m, slope aspect is south, altitude range is 700--900 m, vegetation type is semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest, the distance to mineral ponds is 0--1 000 m, slope gradient is 8°--15°, the distance to bogs and settlements are 2 000-3 000 m and 4 000-5 000 re,and NDVI is always more than 0.5.

关 键 词：南滚河流域 亚洲象 生境质量评价 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]