微域尺度苏打碱土的特征与植被的分布规律  

Characteristics of Sodic Alkaline Soil and Distribution of Vegetation in Micro Scale

作　　者：罗金明[1] 邓伟[2] 张晓平[1] 杨帆[1] 易富科[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 [2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第3期28-33,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中科院知识创新重大项目(KZCX1-SW-19-02)

摘　　要：探讨了微域尺度(32 m长的横剖面)苏打碱土的特征以及植被分布规律。结果表明,沿洼地向高平地土壤表现为盐化草甸土—浅位柱状苏打碱土—白盖苏打碱土—中位柱状苏打碱土的分布格局。植被为圆叶碱毛茛/萹蓄蓼群落、鹅绒委陵菜群落、羊草/寸草苔群落、裸地以及羊草/星星草/虎尾草群落,其中委陵菜/萹蓄蓼群落、羊草/苔草群落沿洼地呈环状分布,裸地以及碱茅/虎尾草/羊草群落呈斑状分布。洼地边缘的植被具有最高的物种丰富度和覆盖度,生物量也最高;高平地的植被矮小,生物量较少。裸地的盐分含量较高(可达3.38%),土体紧实,限制了植被生长。Characteristics of soil profile and vegetation distribution pattern in micro scale （ a 32 m long transect） in sodic alkaline soil region were discussed. Results showed that soil distribution patterns along the transect from low land up to upland were sodic saline meadow soil, shallow columnar sodic alkaline soil, white crust sodic alkaline soil, and mid columnar sodic alkaline soil. Vegetation included Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh/Polygonum aviculare L community, Potentilla anserina L community, Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey/Leymus chinensis Tzvel community, bare land, and Leymus chinensis Tzvel/Puccinellia tenuiflora Scrib. Et Merr./Chloris virgata Swarta community. The Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh/Polygonum aviculate L community and Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey/Leymus chinensis Tzvel community were distributed around the shallow basin in ring-like pattern; bare land and Leymus chinensis Tzvel/ Puccinellia tenuiflora Scrib. Et Merr./Chloris virgata Swarta community were distributed in patch pattern. Bio-diversity and coverage of vegetation along the margin of shallow basin were maximal and its biomass was highest. Vegetation in micro flat upland was dwarf and with lower biomass. The salinity in bare land could reach as high as 3.38% and soil structure was extremely compacted. Therefore, the production of vegetation was restrained.

关 键 词：苏打碱土 微域格局 盐生植被 

分 类 号：Q151[生物学—普通生物学] S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]