刈割对白三叶草生长状况及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Different Cutting Intensities on the Growth Status of Trifolium Repens and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：胡宗达[1] 叶充[2] 胡庭兴[3] 郝玉娥[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川农业大学图书馆,四川雅安625014 [3]四川农业大学林学园艺学院,四川雅安625014 [4]南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2008年第3期34-38,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：科技部“十五”重大科技攻关项目(2001BA606A-06);“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A11-03)

摘　　要：在连续2 a内不施肥,每次刈割并全部取走地上部分的条件下,通过测定白三叶的生物量、生长因子及土壤有机质、全量养分、水解N、有效P和速效K等指标,了解生长状况及其对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,随刈割次数的增加,白三叶鲜重、干重、平均高度和径粗均呈下降趋势,年均降幅分别为14.34%,13.12%,5.20%和3.38%;表层土壤有机质下降最大为24.37%,最小为8.75%,白三叶草对表层土壤全量养分影响不明显,但对土壤速效养分影响显著,2 a间最大降幅分别为46.56%,43.63%,16.69%;底层土中的有机质和全量养分相似于表层土,速效养分中有效磷受到的影响最大,而水解氮和速效钾较小。经综合分析,增加刈割次数会导致土壤整体供肥能力下降,生产力降低。因此,为了草地的可持续经营,刈割后须施入适量的复合肥、钾肥和磷肥。A research on the growth status of Trifolium repens and it＇s influences on soil nutrients was performed through measuring its biomass and growth factor, as well as soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, hydrolytic N, available P, and available K. The land without fertilizer application and with successive cutting within two years was selected, and each time, all Trifolium repens above soil was harvested for the experiment. The research indicates that with the increasing harvesting time, the fresh and dry weight of Trifolium repens, its average length, and its stem diameter were decreased by 14.34%, 13.12%, 5.20%, and 3.38% per year, respectively. As for the upper layer soil, its organic matter varied from 24.37% to 8.75%. Its total N, total P, and total K were not apparently affected, but its available P, available K, and hydrolytic N were greatly affected, which were decreased by 46.56%, 43.63%, and 16.69% in the two years, respectively. As for the bottom soil, changes in organic matter, total N, total P, and total K were like those in the upper layer soil, but its available P was greatly decreased compared with hydrolytic N and available K. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that increasing harvesting time may lead to the decreases of soil fertility and productivity. Therefore, for a sustainable development, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of compound fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer to the soil after successive cutting.

关 键 词：白三叶 生长状况 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S541.2[农业科学—作物学] S158.3