三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状  

Current status of spawning grounds of fishes with pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservior

作　　者：段辛斌[1,2] 陈大庆[1,2] 李志华[1,2] 王珂[1,2] 黄木桂[1,2] 刘绍平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业部长江中上游渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站,湖北荆州434000 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第4期523-532,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：科技部社会公益项目(2005DIB3J025);国家自然科学基金重大和面上项目(30490234);国务院三峡办三峡工程环境保护项目《渔业资源与环境监测重点站SX[2004]-015》基金资助

摘　　要：于2003-2006年每年5-7月对长江中游江段产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场的现状进行了调查。结果表明,长江中游现有产漂流性卵鱼类13种,其中主要经济鱼类有青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus）、草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）、鳜（Siniperca chuatsi）、赤眼鳟（Squaliobarbus curriculus）、鳊（Parabramis pekinensis）、铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）,共8种。与20世纪70年代相比,种类减少了10余种,但监测到了多年未见的鳡（Elopichthys bambus）。在长江中游宜昌至城陵矶300多km江段分布10余个四大家鱼产卵场,与水库蓄水前相比,产卵场地理分布的范围变化不大。2003-2006年长江中游主要产漂流性卵鱼类的产卵量143720×10^4ind,其中四大家鱼产卵量108069×10^4ind。与蓄水前相比,长江中游四大家鱼产卵规模严重缩小,4年四大家鱼产卵总量为1997-2002年平均值的42.82%,为蓄水前2002年的56.88%。四大家鱼产卵与水温和涨水持续时间及水位日上涨率等生态水文指标密切相关,产卵期期间水温波动范围为18.6-25.5℃,水温适宜于四大家鱼繁殖;江水持续上涨时间一般为4-7d,水位的日涨率一般在0.30m/d左右,较为适宜于四大家鱼产卵。与20世纪70年代和水库蓄水前相比,长江中游四大家鱼鱼苗比例组成发生了显著变化,鲢比例相对上升,而多年来占绝对优势的草鱼比例显著下降,表明长江中游草鱼受三峡水库调蓄影响最大。Surveys were carded out in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from May to June in 2003-2006 in order to reveal the current status of spawning grounds of the fishes with pelagic eggs. Thirteen species were collected and the main commercial species were Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis, Siniperca chuatsi, Squalio barbus curriculus, Parabramis pekinensis and Coreius heterodon. Compared with the results of 1970s, more than 10 species were not collected. However, Elopichthys bambus was collected in the surveys which had not been found in the last several years. About 10 spawning grounds distributed along the fiver about 300 km length from Yichang to Chenglingji and there were few changes of their distribution compared with the results before the sluice of the Three Gorges Dam.The total amount of pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was estimated to be 1 437.2 million during 2003-2006, and that of the four major Chinese carps was 1 080.69 million. Compared with the results before the sluice of the Three Gorges Dam, the spawning scale of the four major Chinese carps decreased greatly, and the total amount in 2003-2006 only took up 42.82% of the average amount per year from 1997 to 2002, and 56.88% of 2002. The spawning scale of the major Chinese carps were influencced by some ecological-hydrological factors such as water temperature, duration of water level rising and daily increasing rate of water level. The water temprerature varied from 18.6 ℃ to 25.5 ℃ which was suitable to their reproduction; the appropriate duration of water level rising and daily increasing rate of water level were 4-7 days and 0.30 m/d, respectively. Compared with the results of 1970s and before the sluice of the Three Gorges Dam, there were great changes in composition of the four major Chinese carps in the middle reaches of Yangtze River; the percentage of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix increased, but that of Ctenopharyngodon idellus decreased dramatica

关 键 词：长江中游 漂流性卵 产卵场 四大家鱼 三峡水库 

分 类 号：S93[农业科学—渔业资源]