纹缟虾虎鱼胚胎与早期仔鱼的发育特征  

Embryonic and larval development of Tridentiger trigonocephalus

作　　者：赵优[1,2] 庄平[1,2,3] 章龙珍[1,2,3] 冯广朋[1,3] 刘鉴毅[1] 陈丽慧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]上海海洋大学生命科学与技术学院,上海高校水产养殖E-研究院,上海200090

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第4期533-541,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(30490234);国家科技基础条件平台(2004DKA30470-004);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2007M02);上海市高校水产养殖学E-研究院建设项目(E03009);上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区科研专项

摘　　要：纹缟虾虎鱼（Tridentiger trigonocephalus）广泛分布于太平洋沿岸。通过对其胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的观察,详细描述从受精卵到初孵仔鱼25个发育时期的时序和形态特征。根据观察结果,将整个发育过程划分为7个阶段：受精卵胚盘形成阶段、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚形成阶段、器官形成阶段和孵化出膜阶段。在水温（21.5±1.0）℃、盐度4.0、pH7.2-7.5的条件下,经历160h后开始出膜,从心脏跳动期至出膜期历时相对较长,占整个胚胎发育过程的56%以上。在出膜前眼睛开始黑色素沉积,胸鳍、肾脏和膀胱等形成。纹缟虾虎鱼初孵仔鱼全长（2.534±0.078）mm,在水温（22±1.0）℃条件下,5日龄卵黄囊完全消失,初步形成消化器官、循环器官、运动器官和排泄器官,完成早期仔鱼发育阶段。Tridentiger trigonocephalus is widely distributed along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. There is no information about morphological feature of their early life. Embryonic and larval development of T. trigonocephalus were studied in this paper. The results indicated that the fertilized eggs of T. trigonocephalus were spherical in shape, and the diameter was （0.482-0.606） mm. The developmental time of 25 embryonic developmental stages were described in great detail from fertilization to hatching. According to the morphological feature, the embryonic development of Tridentiger trigonocephalus were divided into 7 stages, including the fertilized egg and the blastoderm form stage, the cleavage stage, the blastula stage, the gastrula stage, the neural stage, the organogenesis stage as well as the hatching stage. Under the water of temperature （21.5±1.0）℃, salinity 4.0, pH （7.2-7.5）, the embryonic development required at least 160 h . The starting time of seven stages of embryonic development were as follows： the fertilized egg and the blastoderm form stage was at 0 h post fertilization （pf）. The cleavage stage was at 2 h 10 min post fertilization （pf）. The blastula stage was at 6 h 50 min post fertilization （pf）. The gastrula stage was at 14 h30 min post fertilization （pf）. The neural stage was at 22 h 30 min post fertilization （pf）. The organogenesis stage was at 27 h post fertilization （pf）. The hatching stage was at 150 h post fertilization （pf）. It spent more time from heart beating to hatching than other stages, which covered 56 percent of the time of embryonic development. Meanwhile pectoral fin, kidney and bladder came into being before pre-stage of hatching stage. The larva was （2.534±0.078）mm in total length. In the water of temperature （21.5 ±1.0） ℃, yolk sac disappeared in five days after hatching and the stage of larval development was finished. It formed peptic structure, athletic structure and metabolizing structure in the stage of larval developmen

关 键 词：纹缟虾虎鱼 胚胎 仔鱼 早期发育 形态 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学]