地震勘探信号时频分析方法对比与应用分析  

The comparison and application of time-frequency analysis methods to seismic signal

作　　者：刘喜武[1] 张宁[1] 勾永峰[2] 李华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,青岛266100 [2]大庆石油管理局钻探集团地球物理勘探公司,大庆163357

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2008年第3期743-753,共11页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40674070)资助

摘　　要：针对地震勘探信号,对非平稳信号时频分析几种适效方法:短时Fourier变换、小波变换、S变换、Wigner分布、平滑伪Wigner分布、锥形核时频分布、AOK(adaptive optimum kernel,自适应最优核函数)分布等进行对比与应用研究.在阐明各种方法基本原理的基础上,进行数值分析与应用研究.首先对非平稳地震勘探模拟信号进行试算及时频属性提取,结合各类方法的信号表示理论,在时频局部化的精度和交叉项抑制等方面对计算结果进行对比分析;进一步应用于实际二维地震数据,提取瞬时频率和瞬时带宽等时频属性,进行比较研究.研究表明:对于地震勘探信号,就本文涉及的几种时频分析方法而言,AOK分布是时频局部化精度最高、交叉项抑制最好、时频匹配最优的方法,值得在地震勘探信号分析和地震属性提取、频谱分解等应用中深入研究和应用.Aiming at seismic prospecting signals, the comparisons of some effective time-frequency analysis methods for nonstationary signal are studied, including short time Fourier transform （STFT）, wavelet transform （WT）, S transform（ST）, Wigner distribution（WVD）, smoothed pseudo-Wigner distribution（SPWVD）, cone-kernel time fre- quency distribution （CKD） and adaptive optimum kernel time-frequency representation （AOK）. Numerical methods and applications are implementd on base of their principles. Firstly, time-frequency representations of the above methods and testing computations are implemented with a modeling unstable seismic signal and time-frequency attributes are extracted. The comparisons of the results of above methods are studied according to the time frequency localiza tion precision and cross-terms suppressing. Secondly , the above methods are applied to real 2D seismic data and seis mic attributes extraction for instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth. On base of the results, it can be concluded that AOK time-frequency representation is the best method among the above methods according to the time frequency localization precision, cross-terms suppressing, sequences detection validity and worthing to do more research for seismic attributes extraction and spectral decomposition.

关 键 词：地震 时频分析 对比 AOK分布 瞬时属性 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]